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Chapter 17 - Sense Organs: The Eye and the Ear
Sense Organs: The Eye and the Ear
261
Medical
Undergraduate 1
02/12/2013

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Term
-acusis or -cusis
Definition
hearing
Term
-meter
Definition
instrument to measure
Term
-opia
Definition
vision
Term
-opsia
Definition
vision
Term
-otia
Definition
ear condition
Term
-tropia
Definition
to turn
Term
Accommodation
Definition
Normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near.
Term
Acoustic
Definition
Pertaining to hearing.
Term
Acoustic neuroma
Definition
Benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve.
Term
Amblyopia
Definition
Reduced vision (poor eyesight).
Term
Anisocoria
Definition
Inequality in the size of pupils.
Term
Anterior chamber
Definition
Space behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris; contains aqueous humor.
Term
Aphakia
Definition
Absence of the lens of the eye
Term
Aqueous humor
Definition
Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber of the eye.
Term
Astigmatism
Definition
Abnormal curvature of the eyeball so that rays of light are not focused on a single point on the retina.
Term
Audiogram
Definition
Record of hearing using an audiometer.
Term
Audiologist
Definition
Healthcare professional specializing in the evaluation and rehabilitation of people with hearing loss.
Term
Audiometer
Definition
Instrument to measure or test hearing.
Term
Audiometry
Definition
Process of testing hearing.
Term
Auditory canal
Definition
Channel leading from the ear flap to the eardrum.
Term
Auditory meatus
Definition
Opening of the auditory canal to the outside of the body.
Term
Auditory nerve fibers
Definition
These carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain (cerebral cortex).
Term
Auditory tube
Definition
Channel between the middle ear and the throat; eustachian tube.
Term
Aural
Definition
Pertaining to the ear.
Term
Auricle
Definition
Flap of the ear; pinna.
Term
Biconvex
Definition
Having two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly like part of a sphere. The lens of the eye is biconvex.
Term
Blepharitis
Definition
Inflammation of an eyelid.
Term
Blepharoptosis
Definition
Prolapse of the upper eyelid caused by abnormalities of the eyelid muscle or by nerve damage.
Term
Cataract
Definition
Clouding or loss of transparency of the lens of the eye.
Term
Cerumen
Definition
Waxy substance secreted by the ear; ear wax.
Term
Chalazion
Definition
Small, hard mass (granuloma) on the eyelid.
Term
Cholesteatoma
Definition
Middle ear mass of cellular debris and cholesterol crystals.
Term
Choroid
Definition
Middle, vascular layer of the eye.
Term
Ciliary body
Definition
Structure on each side of the lens that connects the choroid and iris; contains muscles that control the shape of the lens
Term
Cochlea
Definition
Snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear; contains hearing-sensitive receptor cells.
Term
Cochlear
Definition
Pertaining to the cochlea.
Term
Cone
Definition
Photoreceptor cell in the retina; responsible for color and central vision.
Term
Conjunctiva
Definition
Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball.
Term
Conjunctivitis
Definition
Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Term
Cornea
Definition
Fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.
Term
Corneal abrasion
Definition
Rubbing off of a part of the outer layer of the cornea.
Term
Corneoscleral
Definition
Pertaining to the cornea and sclera, which is the white of the eye.
Term
Cycloplegic
Definition
Paralysis of the muscles of the ciliary body.
Term
Dacryoadenitis
Definition
Inflammation of tear glands.
Term
Deafness
Definition
Loss of the ability to hear.
Term
Diabetic retinopathy
Definition
Disease of the retina due to long-term effects of diabetes.
Term
Ear thermometry
Definition
Measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum.
Term
Endolymph
Definition
Fluid within the labyrinth (canals) of the inner ear; conducts sound waves.
Term
Enucleation
Definition
Removal of the eyeball from the orbit of the eye.
Term
Esotropia
Definition
Turning inward of one or both pupils; cross-eyes.
Term
Eustachian tube
Definition
Channel between the middle ear and the throat; auditory tube.
Term
Exotropia
Definition
Turning to the side or outward of one or both pupils.
Term
Fluorescein angiography
Definition
Process of recording (viewing and photographing) the circulation of a fluorescein dye through the blood vessels of the retina.
Term
Fovea centralis
Definition
Tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision.
Term
Fundus
Definition
Large, posterior inner part of the eye that is visualized with an ophthalmoscope.
Term
Glaucoma
Definition
Fluid accumulation in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye causing increased pressure and damage to the retina.
Term
Hemianopsia
Definition
Absence of vision for one half, right or left, of an individual’s field of vision.
Term
Hordeolum
Definition
Inflammation of an oil-secreting gland in the eyelid; stye.
Term
Hyperacusis
Definition
Excessive sensitivity to sounds.
Term
Hyperopia
Definition
Farsightedness; light rays are focused beyond, instead of directly on the retina.
Term
Hypertensive retinopathy
Definition
Disease of the retina due to high blood pressure.
Term
Incus
Definition
Small anvil-shaped bone (ossicle) in the middle ear; second ossicle.
Term
Intraocular
Definition
Pertaining to within the eye.
Term
Iridectomy
Definition
Removal of a portion of the iris.
Term
Iridic
Definition
Pertaining to the iris.
Term
Iris
Definition
Colored, pigmented portion of the eye, surrounding the pupil.
Term
Iritis
Definition
Inflammation of the iris of the eye.
Term
Keratitis
Definition
Inflammation of the cornea.
Term
Keratoplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of the cornea; corneal transplant.
Term
Labyrinth
Definition
Maze-like series of canals of the inner ear; cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals.
Term
Lacrimal
Definition
Pertaining to tears.
Term
Lacrimation
Definition
Production of tears.
Term
Laser photocoagulation
Definition
Use of a laser to seal retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels.
Term
Lens
Definition
Transparent biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye.
Term
Macrotia
Definition
Abnormally large ears.
Term
Macula
Definition
Yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic disc; contains the fovea centralis, the area of clearest and central vision.
Term
Macular degeneration
Definition
Deterioration of the macula of the retina and producing a loss of central vision.
Term
Malleus
Definition
Hammer-shaped, small bone (ossicle) in the middle ear.
Term
Mastoiditis
Definition
Inflammation and infection of the mastoid process just behind the ear.
Term
Miosis
Definition
Contraction of the pupil of the eye
Term
Miotic
Definition
Drug that causes the pupil of the eye to contract.
Term
Mydriasis
Definition
Widening of the pupil of the eye
Term
Myopia
Definition
Nearsightedness; vision for near objects is better than for far.
Term
Myringitis
Definition
Inflammation of the eardrum.
Term
Myringotomy
Definition
Incision of the eardrum.
Term
Ménière disease
Definition
Disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevated endolymph (fluid) pressure.
Term
Nyctalopia
Definition
Night blindness or difficult, poor vision at night.
Term
Nystagmus
Definition
Repetitive, rhythmic movements of one or both eyes.
Term
Ophthalmic
Definition
Pertaining to the eye.
Term
Ophthalmologist
Definition
Medical doctor specializing in the diseases of the eye.
Term
Ophthalmoplegia
Definition
Paralysis of muscles that move the eyeball.
Term
Ophthalmoscopy
Definition
Visual examination of the interior of the eye.
Term
Optic chiasm
Definition
Point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain.
Term
Optic disc
Definition
Region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina.
Term
Optic nerve
Definition
Cranial nerve that carries impulses from the rod and cone cells of the retina to the cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain.
Term
Optician
Definition
Non-medical professional trained in grinding lenses and fitting eyeglasses.
Term
Optometrist
Definition
Non-medical professional trained to examine and measure the eye to prescribe and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses.
Term
Ossicle
Definition
Small bone; malleus, incus, or stapes of the middle ear.
Term
Ossiculoplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of an ossicle (small bone) of the middle ear.
Term
Otic
Definition
Pertaining the ear.
Term
Otolaryngologist
Definition
Specialist (surgeon) in ear, nose and throat disorders
Term
Otomycosis
Definition
Fungal infection of the ear.
Term
Otopyorrhea
Definition
Discharge of pus from the ear.
Term
Otosclerosis
Definition
Overgrowth and hardening of bony tissue in the labyrinth (inner ear).
Term
Otoscopy
Definition
Visual examination of the ear using an otoscope.
Term
Oval window
Definition
Membrane between the middle and inner ears.
Term
Palpebral
Definition
Pertaining to an eyelid.
Term
Papilledema
Definition
Swelling of the optic disc; associated with increased pressure within the eye.
Term
Perilymph
Definition
Fluid contained in the labyrinth (canals of the inner ear).
Term
Phacoemulsification
Definition
Lens of the eye is extracted (cataract removal) using ultrasonic vibrations.
Term
Photophobia
Definition
Sensitivity to light.
Term
Pinna
Definition
Outer ear flap; auricle.
Term
Postauricular
Definition
Pertaining to behind the ear.
Term
Presbycusis
Definition
Progressive loss of hearing, occurring in middle and older age.
Term
Presbyopia
Definition
Impairment of vision associated with middle or older age.
Term
Pupil
Definition
Dark, central portion of the eye.
Term
Pupillary
Definition
Pertaining to the pupil of the eye.
Term
Refraction
Definition
Bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring light rays into focus on the retina.
Term
Retina
Definition
Sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye.
Term
Retinal detachment
Definition
Separation of the two layers of the retina from each other.
Term
Retinitis pigmentosa
Definition
Inflammation of the retina with pigmentation and progressive scarring of tissue.
Term
Rod
Definition
Photoreceptor retinal cell; essential for seeing objects in low light and for peripheral vision.
Term
Salpingopharyngeal
Definition
Pertaining to the eustachian tube and the throat.
Term
Sclera
Definition
White portion of the eyeball.
Term
Scleral buckle
Definition
Procedure to suture a band of silicone on the sclera directly over a detached portion of the retina.
Term
Scleritis
Definition
Inflammation of the sclera.
Term
Scotoma
Definition
Blind spot in the field of vision.
Term
Semicircular canals
Definition
Passageways in the inner ear that are associated with maintaining equilibrium.
Term
Serous otitis media
Definition
Non-infectious inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of clear fluid.
Term
Slit lamp microscopy
Definition
Examination of ocular (eye) structures using a slit lamp and microscope.
Term
Stapedectomy
Definition
Removal of the stapes (third middle ear bone).
Term
Stapes
Definition
Small, stirrup-shaped bone in the middle ear; third ossicle.
Term
Strabismus
Definition
Abnormal deviation of the pupils; esotropia or exotropia are examples.
Term
Suppurative otitis media
Definition
Infectious inflammation of the middle ear with pus formation.
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Relay center in the brain through which optic nerve fibers pass on their way to the cerebral cortex.
Term
Tinnitus
Definition
Ringing, buzzing or roaring sound in the ear.
Term
Tonometry
Definition
Measurement of tension and pressure within the eye; glaucoma test.
Term
Tuning fork test
Definition
Measure bone and air conduction of sound through the ear.
Term
Tympanic membrane
Definition
Membrane between the outer and middle ear; eardrum.
Term
Tympanoplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of the eardrum.
Term
Uveitis
Definition
Inflammation of the uvea, which is the vascular layer of the eye (including the iris, choroids, and ciliary body).
Term
Vertigo
Definition
Abnormal sensation of moving in space or having objects move about you in space.
Term
Vestibule
Definition
Central cavity of the labyrinth, connecting the cochlea and semicircular canals.
Term
Vestibulocochlear
Definition
Pertaining to the vestibule and cochlea.
Term
Visual acuity test
Definition
Measurement of clearness of vision; assessed by reading letters of decreasing size on an eye chart.
Term
Visual field test
Definition
Measurement of the area in front of the eye in any part of which an object is seen without moving the eye.
Term
Vitrectomy
Definition
Removal of vitreous humor.
Term
Vitreous humor
Definition
Soft, jelly-like material that fills the inner vitreous chamber of the eye.
Term
Xerophthalmia
Definition
Condition of excessive dryness of the eye.
Term
acous/o
Definition
hearing
Term
acoustic
Definition
Pertaining to hearing or sound.
Term
ambly/o
Definition
dull, dim
Term
amblyopia
Definition
Dullness of vision (can be caused by poor nutrition, trauma to the eye, or
suppression of vision in one eye to avoid diplopia).
Term
anisocoria
Definition
Pupils are of unequal size.
Term
aphakia
Definition
Absence of the lens of the eye.
Term
aque/o
Definition
water
Term
aqueous humor
Definition
Watery fluid that circulates through the posterior and anterior chambers of the
eye.
Term
audi/o
Definition
hearing; the sense of hearing
Term
audiogram
Definition
Record of hearing as taken by an audiometer.
Term
audiologist
Definition
Health care professional specializing in the evaluation and rehabilitation of people
with hearing loss.
Term
audiometer
Definition
Instrument to measure the sharpness of hearing.
Term
audit/o
Definition
hearing
Term
auditory
Definition
Pertaining to hearing.
Term
aur/o
Definition
auricul/o
Term
aural
Definition
Pertaining to the ear.
Term
blephar/o
Definition
eyelid (also palpebr/o)
Term
blepharitis
Definition
Inflammation of an eyelid.
Term
blepharoptosis
Definition
Prolapse (sagging) of an eyelid.
Term
cochle/o
Definition
cochlea
Term
cochlear
Definition
Pertaining to the cochlea (spiral-shaped tube in the inner ear).
Term
conjunctiv/o
Definition
conjunctiva
Term
conjunctivitis
Definition
Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
Term
cor/o
Definition
pupil (also pupill/o)
Term
corne/o
Definition
cornea (also kerat/o)
Term
corneal abrasion
Definition
Defect in the surface of the cornea.
Term
corneoscleral
Definition
Pertaining to the cornea and scleral layers of the eye.
Term
cycl/o
Definition
ciliary body or muscle of the eye
Term
cycloplegic
Definition
Pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscle (causing paralysis of accommodation).
Term
dacry/o
Definition
tears, tear duct (also lacrim/o)
Term
dacryoadenitis
Definition
Inflammation of a lacrimal (tear) gland.
Term
dipl/o
Definition
double
Term
diplopia
Definition
Double vision (the perception of two images of a single object).
Term
esotropiaesotropia
Definition
Condition in which the eyes turn inward.
Term
glauc/o
Definition
gray
Term
glaucoma
Definition
Disease of the eye marked by increased intraocular pressure.
Term
hemianopsia
Definition
Condition of absence of vision in half of a visual field.
Term
hyperacusis
Definition
Abnormally acute sensitivity to sounds.
Term
hyperopia
Definition
Farsightedness.
Term
hypertensive retinopathy
Definition
Disease of the retina associated with (secondary to) high blood pressure.
Term
intraocular
Definition
Pertaining to within the eye.
Term
ir/o, irid/o
Definition
iris (colored portion of the eye)
Term
iridectomy
Definition
Removal of (a portion of) the iris.
Term
iridic
Definition
Pertaining to the iris.
Term
iritis
Definition
Inflammation of the iris.
Term
kerat/o
Definition
cornea
Term
keratitis
Definition
Inflammation of the cornea.
Term
lacrim/o
Definition
tears
Term
lacrimal
Definition
Pertaining to tears.
Term
lacrimation
Definition
The process of forming tears.
Term
macrotia
Definition
Condition of large ears.
Term
mastoid/o
Definition
mastoid process
Term
mastoiditis
Definition
Inflammation of the mastoid process (behind the ear).
Term
mi/o
Definition
smaller, less
Term
miosis
Definition
Condition of contraction of the pupils.
Term
mydr/o
Definition
widen, enlarge
Term
mydriasis
Definition
Condition of enlargement of the pupils.
Term
myring/o
Definition
eardrum, tympanic membrane (also tympan/o)
Term
myringitis
Definition
Inflammation of the eardrum.
Term
myringotomy
Definition
Incision of the eardrum.
Term
nyct/o
Definition
night
Term
nyctalopia
Definition
Condition of night blindness.
Term
ocul/o
Definition
eye
Term
ophthalm/o
Definition
eye
Term
ophthalmic
Definition
Pertaining to the eye.
Term
ophthalmologist
Definition
One who specializes in the study of the eye, its disorders and treatment.
Term
ophthalmoplegia
Definition
Paralysis of the eye (muscles).
Term
opt/o, optic/o
Definition
eye, vision
Term
optic
Definition
Pertaining to the eye or to vision.
Term
optician
Definition
One who grinds lenses and fits glasses.
Term
optometrist
Definition
One who “measures” (examines) eyes and prescribes lenses.
Term
ossicul/o
Definition
ossicle
Term
ossiculoplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of a middle ear bone.
Term
ot/o
Definition
ear
Term
otic
Definition
Pertaining to the ear.
Term
otolaryngologist
Definition
Specialist in the ear and larynx (upper respiratory region
Term
otomycosis
Definition
Abnormal condition of a fungal infection in the ear.
Term
otopyorrhea
Definition
Discharge of pus from the ear.
Term
palpebr/o
Definition
eyelid
Term
palpebral
Definition
Pertaining to the eyelid.
Term
papill/o
Definition
optic disc, nipple like
Term
papilledema
Definition
Swelling of the optic disc (associated with increased intracranial pressure) and
hyperemia (increased blood flow).
Term
phac/o, phak/o
Definition
lens of the eye
Term
phacoemulsification
Definition
Technique of cataract extraction using high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations to
remove the clouded lens.
Term
phot/o
Definition
light
Term
photophobia
Definition
Condition of sensitivity to light.
Term
postauricular
Definition
Pertaining to behind the ear.
Term
presby/o
Definition
old age
Term
presbycusis
Definition
Progressive, bilateral hearing loss occurring with age.
Term
presbyopia
Definition
Condition of defective vision with advancing age; loss of accommodation.
Term
pupill/o
Definition
pupil
Term
pupillary
Definition
Pertaining to the pupil.
Term
retin/o
Definition
retina
Term
retinitis
Definition
Inflammation of the retina.
Term
salping/o
Definition
eustachian tube, auditory tube
Term
salpingopharyngeal
Definition
Pertaining to the eustachian tube and the throat.
Term
scler/o
Definition
slera (white of the eye); hard
Term
scleritis
Definition
Inflammation of the sclera.
Term
scot/o
Definition
darkness
Term
scotoma
Definition
Area of depressed vision surrounded by area of normal vision (blind spot).
Term
staped/o
Definition
stapes (third bone of the middle ear)
Term
stapedectomy
Definition
Removal of the stapes bone (middle ear bone).
Term
tympan/o
Definition
eardrum, tympanic membrane
Term
tympanoplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of the eardrum.
Term
uve/o
Definition
uvea; vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
Term
uveitis
Definition
Inflammation of the uvea (vascular layer of the eye).
Term
vestibul/o
Definition
vestibule
Term
vestibulocochlear
Definition
Pertaining to the vestibule and cochlea of the inner ear. This is the 8th cranial
nerve (acoustic nerve).
Term
vitre/o
Definition
glassy
Term
vitreous humor
Definition
Clear, watery fluid filling the jelly-like mass (vitreous body) that fills the cavity of
the eyeball.
Term
xer/o
Definition
dry
Term
xerophthalmia
Definition
Condition of dry eyes.
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