Common signs and symptoms of diabetic coma include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. warm, dry skin

B. rapid, thready pulse

C. cool, clammy skin

D. acetone breath odor

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a/an:

A. abnormally high blood glucose level

B. disorder of carbohydrates metabolism

C. lack of insulin production in the pancreas

D. mass excretion of glucose by the kidneys

A 28-year old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. her roomate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:

A.has a urinary tract infection

B. has low blood glucose level

C. has overdosed on her insulin

D. is signically hyperglycemic

The signs and symptoms of insulin shock are the result of:

A. prolonged and severe dehydration

B. fat metabolism within cells

C. increased blood glucose levels

D. decreased blood glucose levels

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:

A. trying to generate energy by breathing deeply

B. attempting to eliminate acids from the blood

C. compensating for decreased blood glucose levels

D. severely hypoxic and is eliminating excess CO2

The normal blood glucose level, as measured by a glucometer, is between:

A. 130 and 150 mg/dL

B. 60 and 80 mg/dL

C. 160 and 220 mg/dL

80 and 120 mg/dL

Which of the following statement regarding diabetic coma is correct?

A. Diabetic coma typically develops over a period of hours or days

B. Diabetic coma can be prevented by taking smaller insulin doses

C. Patients with low blood glucose levels are prone to diabetic coma

D. Diabetic coma rapidly progresses once hyperglycemia develops

Insulin functions in the body by:

A. increasing circulating blood glucose

B. metabolizing glucose to make energy

C. enabling glucose to enter the cells

D. producing new glucose as needed

Type 1 diabetes:

A. is defined as blood sugar level is less than 120 mg/dL

B. typically occurs in patients between 50 to 70 years of age

C. is a condition in with no insulin is produced by the body

D. is typically treated with medications such as metformin (Glucophage)

Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when:

A. insulin is not available in the body

B. the cells rapidly metabolize glucose

C. blood glucose levels rapidly fall

D. the pancreas produces excess insulin

Patients with which type of diabetes are more likely to have metabolic problems and organ damage?

A. Type 1

B. Type 2

C. Sugar diabetes

D. HHNC

Normal blood glucose levels range from ___________ mg/dL

A. 80 to 120

B. 90 to 140

C. 70 to 110

D. 60 to 100

A sickle cell crisis caused by an acute drop in hemoglobin levels is known as a(n):

A. hemolytic crisis

B. aplastic crisis

C. splenic sequestration crisis

D. vaso-occlusive crisis

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder in which the hormone ____________ is missing or ineffective.

A. estrogen

B. adrenaline

C. insulin

D. epinephrine

Emergency care of a patient with hemophilia includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A. rapid transport

B. bleeding control

C. oxygen at 4 L/min

D. ventilations, if needed

The accumulation of ketones and fatty acids in blood tissue can lead to a dangerous condition in diabetic patients known as:

A. diabetic ketoacidosis

B. insulin shock

C. HHNC

D. hypoglycemia

The term for excessive eating as a result of cellular "hunger" is:

A. polyuria

B. polydipsia

C. polyphagia

D. polyphony

Insulin is produced by the:

A. adrenal glands

B. hypothalamus

C. spleen

D. pancreas

Factors that may contribute to diabetic coma include:

A. infection

B. alcohol consumption

C. insufficient insulin

D. all of the above

The only organ that does not require insulin to allow glucose to enter its cell is the:

A. liver

B. brain

C. pancreas

D. heart

The sweet of fruity odor on the breath of a diabetic patients is caused by ___________ in the blood.

A. acetone

B. ketones

C. alcohol

D. insulin

It is uncommon to encounter ____________ patients with thrombophilia.

A. bed-ridden

B. surgical

C. obese

D. pediatric

Oral diabetic medications include:

A. Micronase

B. Glucotrol

C. Diabinese

D. all of the above

__________ is one of the basic sugars in the body.

A. Dextrose

B. Sucrose

C. Fructose

D. Syrup

____________ is the hormone that is normally produced by the pancreas that enables glucose to enter the cells.

A. Insulin

B. Adrenaline

C. Estrogen

D. Epinephrine

The term for excessive urination is:

A. polyuria

B. polydipsia

C. polyphagia

D. polyphony

When fat is used as an immediate energy source, __________ and fatty acids are formed as waste products.

A. dextrose

B. sucrose

C. ketones

D. bicarbonate

An African American patient complaining of severe, generalized pain may have undiagnosed:

A. sickle cell disease

B. type 1 diabetes

C. thrombopenia

D. hemophilia

The onset of hypoglycemia can occur within:

A. seconds

B. minutes

C. hours

D. days

Without __________, or with very low levels, brain cells rapidly suffer permanent damage.

A. epinephrine

B. ketones

C. bicarbonate

D. glucose

____________ is/are a potentially life-threatening complication of insulin shock.

A. Kussmaul respirations

B. Hypotension

C. Seizures

D. Polydipsia

Blood glucose levels are measured in:

A. micrograms per deciliter

B. milligrams per deciliter

C. milliliters per decgram

D. microliters per decigram

Diabetic coma may develop as a result of:

A. too little insulin

B. too much insulin

C. overhydration

D. metabolic alkalosis

Always suspect hypoglycemia in any patients with:

A. Kussmaul respirations

B. an altered mental status

C. nausea and vomitting

D. All of the above

The most important step in caring for the unresponsive diabetic patient is to:

A. give oral glucose

B. perform a focused assessment

C. open the airway

D. obtain a SAMPLE history

Determination of diabetic coma or insulin shock should:

A. be made before transport of the patient

B. be made before administering of oral glucose

C. be determined by a urine glucose test

D. be based upon your knowledge of the signs and symptoms of each condition

When obtaining the medical history of a patient experiencing a sickle cell crisis, you should:

A. determine the patient's level of consciousness

B. ask the patient if he has been compliant with his medication

C. take the patient's vital signs

D. avoid asking about previous sickle crisis

Contraindications for the use of oral glucose include:

A. unconsciousness

B. known alcoholism

C. insulin shock

D. all of the above

When reassessing the diabetic patient after administration of oral glucose, watch for:

A. airway problems

B. seizures

C. sudden loss of consciousness

D. all of the above

Signs and symptoms associated with hypoglycemia include:

A. warm, dry skin

B. rapid, weak pulse

C. Kussmaul respirations

D. anxious or combative behavior

The patient in insulin shock is experiencing:

A. hyperglycemia

B. hypoglycemia

C. diabetic ketoacidosis

D. low insulin production

Signs of dehydration include:

A. good skin turgor

B. elevated blood pressure

C. sunken eyes

D. all of the above

Hospital interventions for hemophilia may include:

A. blood transfusion

B. analgesics for pain

C. intravenous (IV) therapy

D. all of the above

Causes of insulin shock include:

A. taking too much insulin

B. vigorous exercise without sufficient glucose intake

C. nausea, vomitting, and anorexia

D. all of the above

Insulin shock can develop more often and more severely in children than in adults due to their:

A. high activity level and failure to maintain a strict schedule of eating

B. genetic makeup

C. smaller body size

D. all of the above

Because diabetic coma is a complex metabolic condition that usually develops over time and involves all the tissues of the body, correcting this condition may:

A. be accomplised quickly through the use of oral glucose

B. require rapid infusion of IV fluid to prevent permanent brain damage

C. take many hours in a hospital setting

D. include a reduction in the amount of insulin normally taken by the patient

A patient in insulin shock or a diabetic coma may appear to be:

A. having a heart attack

B. perfectly normal

C. intoxicated

D. having a stroke

True or False

When patients use fat for energy, the fat waste products increase the amount of acid in the blood and tissue.

True or False

The level of consciousness can be affected if a patient has not exercised enough.

True or False

People with sickle cell crisis disease have red blood cells that survive for only 120 days.

True or False

If blood glucose levels remain low, a patient may lose consciousness or have permanent brain damage.

True or False

Signs and symptoms can develop quickly in children because their level of activity can exhaust their glucose levels.

True or False

Hemophilia types A and B have the exact same signs and symptoms

True or False

Diabetic emergencies can occur when a patient's blood glucose level gets too high or drops too low

True or False

Diabetic patients may require insulin to control their blood glucose

True or False

Insulin is one of the basic sugars essential for cell metabolism in humans

True or False

A clot that forms deep in a vein is called aplastic crisis

True or False

Diabetes can cause kidney failure, blindness, and damage to the blood vessels.

True or False

Most children with diabetes are insulin dependent

True or False

Within the red blood cells, leukocytes are responsible for carrying oxygen.

True or False

Many adults with diabetes can control their blood glucose levels with diet alone

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The full name of diabetes is ___________ __________.

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A(n) ____________ crisis is an acute accelerated ___________ in the patient's hemoglobin level.

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Type 1 diabetes is considered to be a(n) ____________ problem, in which the body becomes allergic to its own tissues and literally destroys them.

Fill-in-the-Blank

An African American patient or any patient of __________ descent who complains of severepain may have undiagnosed __________ ___________ disease.

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Diabetes is defined as a lack of or ____________ action of insulin.

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Too much glucose by itself does not always cause _____________ __________, but on some occasions it can lead to it.

Fill-in-the-Blank

____________ is the study and prevention of blood-__________ disease

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A patient in insulin shock needs ___________ immediately, and a patient in a diabetic coma needs _____________ and IV fluid therapy.