Term
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Definition
-responds to specific invaders (microbes and substances)
-acquires memory of the attack
-Involves specialized lymphocytes (B and T cells) in the blood, bone marrow, spleen and lymphoid tissue |
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Term
| Dual Nature of our Immune System |
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Definition
A. Humoral Immunity (Antibody-Mediated)
B. Cellular Immunity (Cell Mediated) |
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Term
Humoral Immunity
Mediated by? |
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Definition
(Antibody)
Attack circulating pathogens and toxins in blood lymph or intercellular spaces
-B-cells
-Plasma cells
-Memory cells
-Helper T-cells
-MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex
(Dual Nature) |
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Term
Cellular Immunity
Mediated by |
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Definition
(Cells)
Destroys infected cells, parasites, cancer cells and effects transplanted tissues
-T-cells
-MHC
-Macrophages
-NK cells |
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Term
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Definition
(Immunogen)
-protein or polysaccharide that trigger production of special antibodies or T-cells
-contains epitopes |
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Term
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Definition
| -part of an antigen that bind to antibodies (antigenic determanits) |
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Term
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Definition
| -small foreign molecules that trigger antibody production only when combined with a carrier molecule |
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Term
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Definition
Immunoglobulin (Ig)
-proteins made in response to a specific antigen
-attaches to epitopes on antigens |
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Term
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Definition
1. T-independent Antigens
2. T-dependent Antigens |
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Term
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Definition
-activate B cells directly to produce antibodies
-weaker immune response
-no memory cells
(ex bacterial capsule) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Antigen are first processed inside an Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)
2. then it combines w/ Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins
3. the APC displays the antigen on it's surface for other cells to attack
4. Helper T-cells attach to the antigen and send out cytokines to activate more B and T cells
-produces stronger immune response
-produce memory cells
(examples of these antigens come from viruses, bacteria, vaccines, and foreign cells) |
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Term
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Definition
1.Monomers Y shaped
2.Dimers
3.Petamers
-Heavy chain made of 400 AA
-Light chain made of 200 AA
-C region are constant
-V region are variable and contain binding sites which react with antigen's epitopes |
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Term
| Stem cells differentiate into |
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Definition
B cells that become
1.Memory cells
2.Plasma cells |
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Term
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Definition
enhance responses to a re-exposure to an antigen
-long lived |
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Term
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Definition
-produce antibodies
-short lived |
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Term
| Results of Antibody-Antigen Binding |
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Definition
1.Agglutination
2.Opsonization
3.Neutralization
4.Activate the Complement System
5. Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| reduces number of infectious units to be dealt with |
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Term
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Definition
| Coating antigens with antibodies that enhances phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks adhesion of bacteria and viruses to mucus |
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Term
| Activate the Complement system |
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Definition
| causes cell lysis from inflammation |
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Term
| Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity |
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Definition
| Antibodies attached to target cell cause destruction by microphages, eosinophils and NK cells |
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Term
Classes of Antibodies
GAMED |
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Definition
1. IgG
2. IgM
3. IgA
4. IgD
5. Ige |
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Term
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Definition
(monomer) 80% of antibodies
-protects fetus and newborn
-uses neutralization, opsonization, Complement system |
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Term
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Definition
(pentamer) 5-10%
-first response to infection
-uses complement system |
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Term
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Definition
(Dimer) 10-15%
-protects mucus membranes
-found in secretions |
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Term
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Definition
(monomer) .2%
-found on surfaces of B-cells
-initiate immune response |
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Term
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Definition
(monomer) .002%
-involved in allergic reactions
-release histamine
-uses Antibody-Dependent Cell Mediated cytotoxicity, Complement system and Phagocytosis |
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Term
| Cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells |
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Definition
release perforin to lyse target cells
-induce Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death) |
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Term
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Definition
regulate the immune response
-suppress activity of the other T cells
ex organ rejection and autoimmune diseases |
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Term
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Definition
destroy target cells
-involved in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity |
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