Term
|
Definition
| enzymes responsible for synthesizing mRNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the strand that is read by the enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a detachable protein subunit that must bind to the polymerase before transcription can begin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is formed by bacterial RNA polymerase & sigma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contains the active site for catalysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sections of DNA that promote the start of transcription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA that is located in the direction RNA polymerase moves during transcription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA located in the opposite direction RNA polymerase moves during transcription |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| once RNA polymerase begins moving along the DNA template synthesizing RNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| basal transcription factors |
|
Definition
| a group of proteins used by eukaryotic RNA polymerases to recognize promoters |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a short sequence that is involved in termination of eukaryotic protein-coding genes |
|
|
Term
| 2 steps for ending transcription in bacteria |
|
Definition
1. hairpin forms
2. termination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the initial product when eukaryotic genes of any type are transcribed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the primary transcript for proteins |
|
|
Term
| 4 steps for snRNPs splice RNA within the nucleus |
|
Definition
1. snRNPs bind to start of intron & an A base within the intron
2. snRNPs assemble to form spliceosome
3. intron is cut; loop forms
4. intron is released as lariat; exons are joined together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regions of eukaryotic genes that are part of the final mRNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sections of primary transcript not in mRNA |
|
|
Term
| small nuclear ribonucleoproteins/snRNPs |
|
Definition
| RNAs that splice primary transcripts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multipart complex formed by snRNPs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a structure added by enzymes as soon as the 5' end of a eukaryotic pre-mRNA emerges from RNA polynerase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a long row of 100-250 adenine nucleotides that are not encoded on the DNA template strand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of the modifications needed to convert a primary transcript into a mature RNA |
|
|
Term
| bacteria VS eukaryotes: RNA polymerase(s) |
|
Definition
b: 1
e: 3; each produces a different class of RNA |
|
|
Term
| bacteria VS eukaryotes: promoter structure |
|
Definition
b: typically contains a -35 box & a -10 box
e: more variable; often includes a TATA box about -30 from the transcription start site |
|
|
Term
| bacteria VS eukaryotes: proteins involved in recognizing promoter |
|
Definition
b: sigma; different versions of sigma bind to different promoters
e: many basal transcription factors |
|
|
Term
| bacteria VS eukaryotes: RNA processing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of three ribonucleotides that forms base pairs with the mRNA codon |
|
|
Term
| aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases |
|
Definition
| enzymes that catalyze the addition of amino acids to tRNAs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the combination of a tRNA molecule covalently linked to an amino acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inside the ribosome, certain bases in the third position of tRNA anticodons can bind to bases in the third position of a codon in a manner that does not match Watson-Crick base pairing |
|
|
Term
| 3 steps for ribosomes synthesizing proteins |
|
Definition
1. an aminoacyl tRNA diffuses into the A site; if its anticodon matches a codon in mRNA, it stays in the ribosome
2. a peptide bond forms between the amino acid held by the aminoacyl tRNA in the A site & the growing polypeptide, which was held by a tRNA in the P site
3. the ribosome moves down the mRNA by one codon, & all three tRNAs move one position within the ribosome; the tRNA in the E site exits; the tRNA in the A site switches to the P site |
|
|
Term
| 3 step process for translation initiation in bacteria |
|
Definition
1. the mRNA binds to a small ribosomal subunit
2. the initiator aminoacyl tRNA bearing f-met binds to the start codon
3. the large ribosomal subunit binds, completing the complex |
|
|
Term
| 3 steps for elongation of polypeptides during translation |
|
Definition
1. incoming aminoacyl tRNA
2. peptide-bond formation
3. translocation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recognizes the stop codon & fills the A site in the ribosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 steps for terminating translation |
|
Definition
1. release factor binds to stop codon
2. polypeptide & uncharged tRNAs are released
3. ribosome subuntis separate |
|
|
