Biological

Psychological

Sociocultural

Life-Cycle

8 stages of problems that must be solved.

Stage theory: discontinuous

followed Freud then departed

Behaviorism

rewards vs punishment

Operant Conditioning

influenced by thorndike

out come of behavior helps us decide if we're gonna repeat

bobo dolls: monkey see monkey do

watch others to decide if want to do the action

kids are like scientists trying to figure out the world.

4 stages of development

everything matters. its all related

1. Nature vs Nurture

2. Contiuity vs Disconuity

3. Universal vs Context- Specific

Nature: genetics, inheritance. who you are predetermined by what's in your genes

Nurture: who you are is determined by the environment and how you were raised.

23 pairs

contain genes

microscopic rod-shaped structure in nucleus of all cells

Biochemical material that regulates development of traits

1% of genes differ amoung people

25,000 genes in each cell

DNA

genes made up of large strands of DNA

helix shaped

James Watson and Francis something

different form called alleles

a statistical messure of a trait in a group of people

an estimate of the probability you will have the trait

1. children with diffiult temperament get  more negative fedback from environment

Anything that can harm the developing fetus.

10% of birth defects are because of teratogens

enzyme disorder

If detected in new borns you be prevented with diet.

when male and femal sex cells unite to form a zygote that will grow into a baby

a single cell formed with sperm unites with ovum

combines 23 chromosomes from each parent

women born with all eggs they will ever have

ovum is released once a month and travels down fallopian tube to uterus

if not fertilized discharged

has 23 chromosomes

only carry x sex chromosome

surronded by layer called ZONEA PELLUCIDA

have 23 chromosome

either x or y chromosome

two week period between fertilization and the imbedding on the uterine wall.

grows to 100 cells in 4 days called blastocyst

Endoderm

Mesoder

Octoderm

• arms and legs form
• eyes ears nose and mouth form
• brain and spial cord develop
• 4 weeks heat begins to beat
• 6-8 weeks webbed fingers and toes form
• beginnings of teeth buds
• kidneys are beginning to function

5-6 weeks genitals form

7th week genital structures look different

Androgenes (male sex hormone)

y chromosome

protective sax filled with amniotic fluid.

embryo is suspended in it

maintains temp and allows movement

done at 14-16 weeks

draw amniotic fluid through a syringe

examine cells in the fluid looks for genetic abnormalities

syringe in vagina to draw villi from the amniotic sac between 9th and 12th week

causes higher risk of spontaneous abortion

Week 9

all major organs are formed

sex can be determined

opens and closes eyes

suck thumb

sleep

when does the fetus start to move?

movement: middle of fourth month

kicking: 5-6th months

turning: 7 months

crying and swallowing

organs can support independent life

gains in weight and length

90% survival rate when born

an acriname used to asses the health of a new born:scored 0-2.

A: Apperanace

P: Pulse

G: Grimace

A: Apgar

R: Respiration

Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

(Brazelton)

by Thomas Brazelton

newborns and infants through 2 months

unlearned responses to the environment

Vigorous cried with uncoordinated movement

functional and expressive

communicates needs

still with regular breathing or gentle movements with irregular breathing

neonates sleep 16-18 hours in a day

in cycles

1 hour of wake then 3 hours of sleep

3/100 babies die

between 2-4 weeks