Term
| 1. Who created the United States Sanitary Commission, and what was the purpose of the organization? |
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Definition
| -President Lincoln; to promote healthier conditions at camps and support volunteer acts for food and water |
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Term
| 2. What organization inspired the creation of the Sanitary commission? |
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Definition
| -"The Women's Central Association of relief" |
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Term
| 3. How did "Mother" Bickerdyke play a major role in the Civil War? |
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Definition
-major fundraiser, became agent for the Sanitary Commission to inspect camps
-set up convalescent hospitals and used government supplies
-motivational speakers and comfort soldiers |
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Term
| 4. What were the similarities between the North and the South at the beginning of the Cvil War? |
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Definition
-blamed others for the break-up of the Union
-largely unprepared for the war
-would win easily in short war
-boasted superiority and scorned each other |
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Term
| 5. Where and when did the Civil War begin? |
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Definition
| -Fort Sumter; Charleston, South Carolina (April 12, 1861) |
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Term
| 6. Why did the war begin there? |
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Definition
| -Confederates needed to control their territory as a sign of sovereignty |
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Term
| 7. Why did Southerners enlist eagerly? |
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Definition
-Southern honor would contrast to Northern cowardice
-accept the idea of the war as a fight against tyranny
-thought the war would be short, exciting adventure
-wanted to please local communities |
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Term
| 8. What states left the Union during the first secession between December 1860 and February 1, 1861? |
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Definition
| -(Seven) Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas |
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Term
| 9. What states were referred to as the border states? |
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Definition
| -Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware |
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Term
| 10. Why was the border states' decision important? |
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Definition
-It gave control of the Ohio and Missouri Rivers to the Union
-It decreased the manufacturing
-It undermined the South's argument that they had to succeed in order to protect slavery
-If the border states would have left, they would have increased the South;s white fighting population by 45 percent |
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Term
| 11. Why was the public attack on the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment in Baltimore important? |
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Definition
| -It moved Lincoln to curtail civil rights in the name of national security |
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Term
| 12. What were the two names for the first battle of the Civil War, which occurred in Virginia in July 1861? |
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Definition
| - Manassas and Bull Creek (Run) |
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Term
| 13. What were the North's advantages in the Civil War? |
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Definition
-larger population
-more railroad mileage
-more industrial capacity
-greater manufacturing compatibility like shoes |
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Term
| 14. What were the South's actual advantages in the Civil War? |
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Definition
-reality fighting defensive war
-tradition of Honor of excellent generals
-North would have to occupy to win the South
-better trained troops at beginning of war |
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Term
| 15. What was Lincoln's primary goal early on in the war? |
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Definition
| -to keep union together and reconcile South as soon as possible |
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Term
| 16. What controversial actions did Lincoln think were justified by military necessity? |
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Definition
-suspension of Habeas Corpus
-called up state militia and expanded the military budget without approval of Congress
-rejected general Freemont's declaration to freeing slaves to Missouri
-accepted Kentucky's claim neutrality |
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Term
| 17. What were greenbacks? |
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Definition
| -paper bank notes issued by the federal government under the Legal Tender Act on February 18, 1862 |
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Term
| 18. What economic development legislation did the Republicans pass during the Civil War? |
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Definition
-established national currency and outlawed state bank notes
-federal government fund program of internal improvements
-protect businesses from competition with Morrill Tariff
-force state banks to obey federal charters |
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Term
| 19. What Mexican victory, which occurred on May 5, 1862, is celebrated as the Mexican national holiday: El Cinco de Mayo? |
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Definition
| -victory of Mexican forces over the invading French army on May 5, 1862 |
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Term
| 20. Who kept the Laird ironclads from being delivered to the South? |
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Definition
| -William Seward (Secretary of State) |
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Term
| 21. Why did Britain not intervene in the Civil War to preserve its cotton supply as the South expected? |
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Definition
-British public opinion opposed slavery
-used other cotton suppliers in India and Egypt
-British government (London) preferred to wait until South showed they could win
-Britain chose to use backlog of Southern cotton |
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Term
| 22. What were the Confederacy's self-imposed difficulties? |
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Definition
-insufficient revenue because governors refused to oppose taxes
-draft law created class resentments
-embargo on cotton led to revenue losses and later falling prices
-prices were going up 9,000 percent because items were so scarce |
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Term
| 23. What does the map of the major battles in the East in 1861-1862 show? |
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Definition
| -general McClellan lost the Seven Days Battle but won at Antietam |
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Term
| 24. What does the map of the major battles in the Interior in 1862-1863 show? |
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Definition
| -North and South deadlocked in the east |
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Term
| 25. What do the major battles of 1862 shows? |
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Definition
-began with Union victories on Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers
-included capture of Memphis, TN in June 1863
-last capture was Vicksburg in July 1863
-nearly fail at Shiloh Church in April
-North effort to control Mississippi River superior and Grant's determination |
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Term
| 26. How was the North able to eventually gain control of the Mississippi River? |
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Definition
| -shows that Grant moves South through Mississippi to take Vicksburg |
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Term
| 27. What major events were part of the war in the Trans-Mississippi West? |
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Definition
-treaty of alliance between Confederates and Cherokee Indians
-defeat of Confederates by Colorado militia at Glorieta Pass in 1862
-capture and force "Longwalk" of 8,000 Navajos to New Mexico in 1863 |
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Term
| 28. What attempts at suppressing Native Americans resulted from hostilities during the Civil War? |
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Definition
-there was a mass execution of the Santie Sioux at Mankato, Minnesota
-"Longwalk" of Navajo to Bosque Redondo
-post war land secessions from tribes in Indian territories
-holding of 8,000 Navajo's as prisoners until treaty was signed in 1868 |
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Term
| 29. What advancements in ship building resulted from the battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac? |
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Definition
| -2 ironclads = advancement. iron plating on ships and revolving gun turrets |
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Term
| 30. How did Union officer Benjamin Butler attract slaves to Union lines? |
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Definition
| -declared escaped slaves contraband of war thereby attracting slaves to Union lines |
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Term
| 31. What slaves were actually freed by the Emancipation Proclamation? |
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Definition
-Only slaves in Confederate controlled Territory
-Lincoln gave a new purpose to the war (January 1, 1863) |
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Term
| 32. What feminist leader advocated the Thirteenth Amendment? |
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Definition
-Elizabeth Cady Stanton
-Susan B. Anthony |
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Term
| 33. Where did the African-Americans come from who served in the Union Army? |
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Definition
-Free blacks from the North
-Escaped blacks from the South
-France, Canada, and Africa |
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Term
| 34. What resulted from blacks serving in the Union army? |
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Definition
-Earned respect of the officers and were able to claim citizenship
-Threat by Confederates to execute black soldiers and white officers
-Some Northern laws changed reducing discrimination
-Warm reception from people of the South to black soldiers |
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Term
| 35. What did black soldiers in the fifty-fourth Massachusetts do when they were denied the same pay as white soldiers? |
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Definition
| -They refused to be paid at all so they weren't being discriminated against |
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Term
| 36. Why did more Americans die in the Civil War than in the first and second World Wars combined? |
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Definition
-The Jomini Doctrine (strategy of using massed infantry offensives)
-Springfield and Enfield rifles that could shoot 1/4 of a mile
-Lack of antiseptic treatments
-Overcrowded and unsanitary conditions that led to disease |
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Term
| 37. To what did the high number of casualties in the Civil War lead? |
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Definition
| -Nursing changes from a disreputable activity to one suitable for middle class women |
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Term
| 38. What women led the effort to organize nurses and cursing care? |
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Definition
-Dorthea Dix
-Mary Anne Bickerdyke
-Kate Cumming
-Clara Barton |
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Term
| 39. What political developments in the North took place after the war began? |
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Definition
-The Democrats (North) split into War Democrats and Peace Democrats (copperheads)
-Lincoln's violation of civil liberties in the name of national security
-Stephen A. Douglas showed Lincoln support and tried to unify the Democrats
-Lincoln had Clement Vallandingham arrested and exiled (leader of the copperheads) |
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Term
| 40. Why did social tensions rise in the North during the Civil War? |
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Definition
-The Draft Law which allowed people to hire substitutes
-Wages fell behind inflation leading workers to form Labor Unions
-Speculators and profiteers made enormous sums while many were off at war
-Many were appalled at the spectacle of wealth during wartime suffering |
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Term
| 41. What industries expanded during the Civil War? |
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Definition
-Mechanized Farm equipment
-Iron rails for railroads
-Shipbuilding
-Coal mining |
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Term
| 42. What developments during the Civil War foretold the post war world? |
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Definition
-Mechanized agricultural porduction meant fewer farm workers
-Manufacturers opposition to large scale labor strife in years after war
-Legislation such as the Morrill Tariff suggested an alliance between the government and big business
-The Morrill Land Grant Act produced sweeping changes in public education |
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Term
| 43. What did the New York Draft Riots reflect? |
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Definition
| -The frustrations created by urban conditions and the gap between the rich and the poor |
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Term
| 44. What resulted from the Civil War in the South? |
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Definition
-There were challenges to tradition standards (women in jobs)
-Growing willingness of slaves to make decisions on their own
-Changes such as growth in size and centralization of government
-Southern people refusing to pay taxes in order to survive resistance from the government |
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Term
| 45. Why did social tensions in the South deteriorate during the Civil War? |
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Definition
| -Because runaway inflation raised prices 9000% |
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Term
| 46. What did the Confederacy face as the Civil War progressed? |
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Definition
-Public meetings demanding a negotiated peace
-Increased shortages of food and food riots
-A growing bureaucracy composed partly of women
-More independence and decision making by Southern Slaves |
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Term
| 47. What did General Meade fail to do at the Battle of Gettysburg? |
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Definition
| -Pursue the retreating Confederates and they were able to fight again |
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Term
| 48. How did Grant, as general-in-chief, follow a policy of total war? |
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Definition
-Welcome former slaves into the Union army
-Promoted efforts to educate slaves
-Ordered the destruction of civilian supplies
-Welcome fleeing slaves behind union lines |
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Term
| 49. What was Sherman's Special field Order 15? |
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Definition
| -Set aside 400,000 acres to be given to freedmen in 40 acre parcels |
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Term
| 50. Why did the election of 1864 turn in Lincoln's favor? |
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Definition
| -Because of the greater population of the North |
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Term
| 51. Why was Grant's strategy of engaging the enemy and pressing forward effective? |
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Definition
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Term
| 52. What did Jefferson Davis insist on at the peace conference at Hampton roads? |
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Definition
| -Meade's victory at Gettysburg |
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Term
| 53. What does the map of The Turning Point: 1863 show? |
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Definition
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Term
| 54. What does the map of Sherman's campaign in Georgia in 1864 show was the key to Sherman's success? |
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Definition
| -Shows that Grant chased Lee westward from Peterburg in April 1865 |
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Term
| 55. What does the map of the final battles in Virginia in 1864-1865 show? |
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Definition
| -Because General Sherman captured Atlanta in September 1864 |
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