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| A terrane is not necessarily an independent microplate in origin, since it may not contain the full thickness of the lithosphere. It a piece of crust which has been transported laterally, usually as part of a larger plate, and is relatively buoyant due to thickness or low density |
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fault block mountains [image] |
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| Fault-block or fault mountains are produced when normal (near vertical) faults fracture a section of continental crust. Vertical motion of the resulting blocks, sometimes accompanied by tilting, can then lead to high escarpments. |
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| A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, typically having a valley known as a rift running along its axis, formed by plate tectonics. |
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passive margin is the transition between oceanic and continental crust which is not an active plate margin. It is constructed by sedimentation above an ancient rift, now marked by transitional crust. Continental rifting creates new ocean basins. Eventually the continental rift forms a mid-oceanic ridge and the locus of extension moves away from the continent-ocean boundary. The transition between the continental and oceanic crust that was originally created by rifting is known as a passive margin. |
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A thrust fault is a type of fault, or break in the Earth's crust with resulting movement of each side against the other, in which a lower stratigraphic position is pushed up and over another. It is the result of compressional forces. |
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Definition
In plate tectonics, a convergent boundary – also known as a convergent plate boundary or a destructive plate boundary (because of its cause of destruction) – is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of lithosphere move toward one another and collide. |
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In geology a fault, or fault line, is a planar fracture in rock in which the rock on one side of the fracture has moved with respect to the rock on the other side. Large faults within the Earth's crust are the result of differential or shear motion and active fault zones are the causal locations of most earthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by energy release during rapid slippage along a fault. A fault that runs along the boundary between two tectonic plates is called a transform fault. |
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Monoclines may be formed in several different ways (see diagram) - By differential compaction over an underlying structure, particularly a large fault at the edge of a basin due to the greater compactibility of the basin fill, the amplitude of the fold will die out gradually upwards e.g. [1]
- By mild reactivation of an earlier extensional fault during a phase of inversion causing folding in the overlying sequenceAs a form of fault propagation fold during upward propagation of an extensional fault in basement into an overlying cover sequence
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Definition
| A fault which has a component of dip-slip and a component of strike-slip is termed an 'oblique-slip fault'. |
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| In science fiction, biological uplift is a term for the act of an advanced civilization helping the development of another species. This may be done by bringing a non-sapient species into sapience, or by giving a sapient species spacefaring capabilities. |
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| In structural geology, an anticline is a fold that is convex up and has its oldest beds at its core. The term is not to be confused with antiform, which is a purely descriptive term for any fold that is convex up. |
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Definition
| In geology, a dome is a deformational feature consisting of symmetrically-dipping anticlines; their general outline on a geologic map is circular or oval. |
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Definition
| The term fold is used in geology when one or a stack of originally flat and planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of plastic (i.e. permanent) deformation. |
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Dip-slip faults can be again classified into the types "reverse" and "normal". A normal fault occurs when the crust is extended. Alternatively such a fault can be called an extensional fault. The hanging wall moves downward, relative to the footwall. A downthrown block between two normal faults dipping towards each other is called a graben. An upthrown block between two normal faults dipping away from each other is called a horst. Low-angle normal faults with regional tectonic significance may be designated detachment faults. |
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A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact.[1] They are constructed to allow movement and provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally.[2] |
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Strike-slip faults involve motion which is parallel to the strike of the fault--frequently described as a "side-by-side" motion. Strike-slip faults are further described as "right-lateral" (dextral) or "left-lateral" (sinistral) depending if the block opposite the viewer moved to the right or left respectively. |
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Definition
| Mudcracks form when muddy sediment is exposed to the atmosphere and dries up. They have a characteristic polygonal shape when viewed from above. When viewed from the side, the cracks are “V”-shaped, with the wider part of the “V” toward the surface. Thus, mudcracks, when preserved in the rock record, indicate that the sediment formed in an environment that was alternately wet and dry, like a tidal flat or the flood plain of a river. |
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evidence of overturning [image] |
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Definition
| To cause the ruin or destruction of; overthrow. See Synonyms at overthrow |
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A raised beach or a marine terrace is an emergent coastal landform. Raised beaches and marine terraces are beaches or wave cut platforms raised above the shore line by a relative fall in the sea level. |
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| In structural geology, a syncline is a downward-curving fold, with layers that dip toward the center of the structure. A synclinorium is a large syncline with superimposed smaller folds. |
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