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| a federal court authorities by aritcle III of the constitution that keeps judges in office during good behavior and prevents their salaries from being reduced. |
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| lowest federal courts; federal trials can be held only here. |
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| federal courts that haear appeals from district courts; no trials |
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| courts created by congress for specialized purposes whose judges do not enjoy the protections of article III of the Constitution. |
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| examination of the political ideology of a nominated judge. |
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| cases concerning the constitution, federal laws, or treaties. |
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| cases involving citizens of different states who can bring suit in federal courts |
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| an order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up a case for review |
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| method whereby a poor person can have his or her case heard in federal court without charge. |
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| rule that allows a plaintiff to recover costs from the defendant if the plainttiff wins |
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| party that initiates a lawsuits |
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| legal rule stating who is authorized to start a lawsuit |
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| rule that a citizen cannot sue the gov. withough the gov.'s consent |
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| case brought by someone to help him or her and all others who are similarly situated. |
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| written atatement by an attorney that sumamrizes a case and the laws and and rulings that support it |
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| a brief submitted by a friend of the court |
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| a brief unsigned court opinion |
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| a signed opinion of a majority of the superem court |
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| signed opinion in which one or more memebrs agree with the majority view but for different reasons |
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| signed opinon in which one or more justices disagree with the majority view. |
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| let the decision stand or allowing prior rulings control the current case |
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| an issue the supreme court will allow the executive and legislative branches decide |
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| judicial order enforcing a right or redressing a wrong |
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