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Chapter 16
St. kates
37
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
12/08/2010

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Term
Social Psychology
Definition
The scientific discipline that attempts to understand and explain how the behaviors of individuals are influenced by others.
Term
Social Perception
Definition
THe way we seek to know and understand other persons and events; also known as social cognition
Term
impression formation
Definition
The process of integrating various sources of information about a person into an overall judgment
Term
sterotypes
Definition
Fixed sets of beliefs about people that puts them into categories and doesn't allow for individual variation
Term
ingroup
Definition
A group which we belong and that forms a part of our social identity
Term
outgroup
Definition
Any group with which we do not share membership
Term
physical attractiveness
Definition
The belief physically attractive individuals possess socially desirable personality traits and lead happier more fulling lives than less attractive persons do
Term
prejudice
Definition
Attitudes towards members of specific groups that directly or indirectly suggest they deserve an inferior social status
Term
discrimination
Definition
A negative and/or patronizing action toward members of a specific social group
Term
realistic group conflict theory
Definition
A theory of prejudice contending that when two groups compete for scarce resources, this competition creation creates a breeding ground for prejudice
Term
ethnocenntrism
Definition
A pattern of increased hostility toward out groups accompanied by increased loyalty to one's in-group
Term
intergroup anxiety
Definition
The tension and distress sometimes experienced when interacting with a person from a different social group
Term
attribution
Definition
The process by which people use information to make inferences about the causes of behaviors or events
Term
internal attribution
Definition
An attribution that locates the cause of an event as factors internal to the persons, such as personality traits, mood s, attitudes, abilities, or effort
Term
external attribution
Definition
An attribution that locates the cause of an event as factors external to the person, such as factors external to the person, such as luck, other people, or the situation
Term
covariation model
Definition
A theory of attribution asserting that people rely on consensus, consistency and distinctiveness information when assigning causes for events
Term
fundamental attribution error
Definition
The tendency to make internal attributions rather than external attributions in explaining the behavior of others
Term
attitudes
Definition
Positive or negative evaluations of an object
Term
mere exposer effect
Definition
the tendency to develop more positive feelings toward objects and individuals the more frequently we are exposed to them
Term
persuasion
Definition
The process of consciously attempting to change attitudes through the transmission of some message
Term
elaboration likelihood model
Definition
A theory that there are two ways in which persuasive message can cause attitude change, each differing in the amount of cognitive effort or elaboration they require
Term
cognitive dissonance
Definition
A feeling of discomfort caused by performing and an action inconsistent with one's attitudes
Term
social influence
Definition
The exercise of social power by a person or group to change the attitudes or behavior of others in a certain direction
Term
Conformity
Definition
A yielding to perceived group pressure
Term
Compliance
Definition
Publicly acting in accord with a direct request
Term
reciprocity norm
Definition
The expectation that one should return a favor or a good deed
Term
obedience
Definition
The performance of an action in response to a direct order
Term
agression
Definition
any form of behavior that is intended to harm or injure a person, oneself, or an object
Term
instrumental agression
Definition
The intentional use of harmful behavior in order to achieve some other goal
Term
hostile agression
Definition
The intentional use of harmful behavior with the goal of causing injury or death to the victim
Term
cognitive- neoassociationist model
Definition
A theory of aggression stating that aversive events produce negative affect, which simulates the inclination to aggress
Term
audience inhibition effect
Definition
A situation in which people are inhibited from helping due to a fear of being negatively evaluated by other bystanders if they intervene and it turns out not to be an emergency
Term
diffusion of responsibility
Definition
The belief that the presence of others in a situation makes one less personally responsible for events that occur in that situation
Term
matching hypothesis
Definition
The proposition that people are attracted to others who are similar to them in certain characteristics such as attitudes and physical attractiveness
Term
balance theory
Definition
A theory that people desire cognitive consistency, or "blance," in their thoughts, feelings, and social relationships
Term
passionate love
Definition
A sate of intense longing for union with another that we typically experience most intensely during the early stages of romantic relationship
Term
companionate love
Definition
The affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined
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