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| assassinated Abraham Lincoln |
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| outspoken proponent for both women's and blacks' suffrage movements, then just for women's |
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| radical PA rep who insisted on same rights for blacks under free labor system in South |
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| LIberal presidential candidate, longtime editor of New York Tribune, lost to Grant |
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| Southern Democrats who promised to replace "bayonet rule" with "home rule," white supremacists |
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| Democrats turned to terrorism, targeted white Republicans and blacks for murder |
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| Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction |
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| Lincoln, offered full pardon to rebels willing to renounce recession, merely 10% taken oath of allegiance state could organize new government, not required to give rights or federal assistance to blacks |
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| required at least half of voters take oath of allegiance, banned all ex-Confederates from participating in drafting new state constitutions, gave freedmen equality before the law |
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| trying to get the right to vote, women's and blacks' |
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| distributed food and clothing to destitute Southerners (not just blacks) |
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| sought to keep ex-slaves subordinate to whites by subjecting them to every sort of discrimination |
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| nullified black codes by affirming blacks; equality before the law, overrode Johnson's veto |
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| minority who championed black equality, confiscation of plantations, and black voting |
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| nearly all freed blacks joined Republican party out of respect for those who had given them the vote |
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| made all native-born or naturalized person American citizens, prohibited states from ignoring rights of these people, and gave Congress the right to reduce congressional representation from any states who withheld suffrage from some of its adult male population |
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| extended black voting nationwide, partly only because of party politics |
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| MIlitary Reconstruction Act |
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| divided South into military districts, each constitution would guarantee black suffrage |
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| Presidential impeachment trial |
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| Congress tried to impeach Johnson, didn't by one vote |
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| Senatorial approval for removal of government officials who had been appointed with Senatorial approval |
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| Northerners trying to "take advantage" of the South by moving down there looking for job opportunities, could fit all of their belongings in a carpetbag |
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| white Southerner who voted Republican, mainly yeoman and Unionists |
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| Ku Klux Klan, Southern Democrats terrorizing and killing black (and white) Republicans |
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| blacks still didn't own land, farmed/lived on piece of plantation owner's land, had to give 50% of crop to him |
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| merchants lending supplies to black sharecroppers at exorbitant rates |
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| Republicans reminding voters that Democrats started the war |
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| anti-Grant Republicans, proposed ending spoils system and replacing it with nonpartisan civil service commission |
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| Civil service reform/Pendleton Act |
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| proposed ending spoils system and replacing with nonpartisan civil service commission to oversee competitive exams for appointment |
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| made interference with voting rights a felony, authorized use of army to enforce |
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| outlawed racial discrimination in transportation, public accommodations, and juries, but poorly enforced |
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| curtailed federal government's ability to protect black citizens by saying that most rights came from state |
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| informal understanding between Hayes and moderate southern Democrats, D promised not to block election and to deal fairly with freemen, H removed armies holding up Republican governments in South and gave substantial subsidies for internal improvements |
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