Term
| What primary tissue type makes up the bulk of a skeletal muscle such as the biceps brachii? What other primary tissue types form skeletal muscles? (HW - Refer to the chapters on terminology and see page 287.) |
|
Definition
"skeletal muscle
connective tissue
neural tissue
epithelium" |
|
|
Term
| Because of the tissue composition of an individual skeletal muscle what level of organization is a muscle such as the biceps brachii or pectoralis major classified within? (HW - Refer to the chapters on terminology.) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the study of muscle? (HW) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the four characteristics of muscle tissue. (HW - page 287) |
|
Definition
| Excitability, contractility, elasticity, extensibility |
|
|
Term
| In some situations, as when you lay an object on a table, a muscle is actually getting longer while doing what you want. One of the characteristics of muscle is contractility. Yet a muscle allowing you to extend your elbow in a controlled fashion is not getting shorter. What is it doing? (HW) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another term for skeletal muscle cell? (HW - page 287) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the five functions of muscle tissue given by McKinley and O’Loughlin. Be aware of how smooth and cardiac muscle as well as skeletal muscle might be involved in these functions. (HW - page 287) |
|
Definition
"Body movement
Maintenance of posture
Temperature regulation
Storage and movement of materials
Support
" |
|
|
Term
| What is an expansive sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that separates individual muscles, binds together muscles with similar functions, forms sheaths to help distribute nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, and to fill spaces between muscles? (HW - page 290) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layer of tissue is composed of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue that separates muscle from skin? (HW - page 290) |
|
Definition
| Superficial facia (subcutaneous layer or hypodermis) |
|
|
Term
| What are cordlike structures that attach muscle to bone, skin, or other structures? (HW - page 290) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are sheets of tissue that connect muscle to bone, skin, or other structures? (HW - page 290) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most skeletal muscles cross one or more joints to bring about movements in those joints. Which attach of a muscle usually remains stationary when a muscle contracts? (HW - page 290) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most skeletal muscles cross one or more joints to bring about movements in those joints. Which attach of a muscle usually moves when a muscle contracts? (HW - page 290) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the enlarged fleshy portion of a muscle made up of muscle fibers? (HW) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a muscle producing a particular movement called? (HW - page 308) |
|
Definition
"Agonist or prime mover
Example - triceps brachii" |
|
|
Term
| What is a muscle whose actions oppose those of the prime mover? (HW - page 308) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a muscle that assists the prime mover in its action? (HW - page 308) |
|
Definition
"Synergist
Examples: Triceps & anconeus" |
|
|
Term
| What are the six criteria listed by McKinley and O’Loughlin for the naming of muscles? (HW - page 309) |
|
Definition
"Muscle action
Specific body regions
Muscle attachments
Orientations of muscle fibers
Muscle shape and size
Muscle heads/tendons of origin" |
|
|
Term
| Define axial muscles. (HW - page 321) |
|
Definition
| Muscles that have both their origins and insertions on parts of the axial skeleton. |
|
|
Term
| Identify the sphincter muscle originating medially on the bones of the orbit and inserting on the tissue of the eyelids. It permits blinking, winking, and squinting. (HW - page 321) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify the muscle located in the ocular region, but not attached to the eyeball. Arises from the under surface of the small wing of the sphenoid. Inserts on the eyelid and acts to raise it. (HW - page 321) |
|
Definition
| Levator Palpebrae Superioris |
|
|
Term
| Identify the complicated, multilayered muscle with most of its fibers running circularly from the facial node. Its fibers insert in skin, mucosa of the lips, and muscles around the orifice of the oral cavity. It closes the lips and aids in pursing the lips as in kissing. (HW - page 321) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the thin, superficial, sheet-like muscle originating on the fascia of the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles and inserting on the lower border of the mandible and the corners of the mouth? It draws the corners of the mouth downward and may assist in opening the mouth. (HW - page 326) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin — Temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal fascia. Insertion — Coronoid process of the mandible. Action — Elevates the mandible. (HW - page 330) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin — Zygomatic arch. Insertion — Lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible. Action — Elevates and protracts mandible. (HW - page 330) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - Deep head: Medial surface of lateral ptyergoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone. Superficial head: Tuberosity of maxilla. Insertion - Medial ramus of mandible. Action - Elevates and protracts mandible. Moves mandible medially. (HW - page 330) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - Superior head: Infratemporal surface and infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone. Inferior head: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate. Insertion - Superior head: Articular disc and capsule of temporomandibular joint. Inferior head: Anterior side of mandibular condyloid process. Action - Protracts mandible.(HW - page 330) |
|
Definition
"Lateral pterygoid muscle
" |
|
|
Term
| In regard to muscles, what are those whose origin and insertion are both within the structure under consideration? (HW - page 330) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In regard to muscles, what are those who have their origin outside of the structure under consideration. (HW - page 331) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - Anterior belly: Digastric fossa of the mandible. Posterior belly: Mastoid groove or notch of the temporal bone. Insertion - Hyoid bone. Action - Depresses mandible. Elevates hyoid. (HW - page 333) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - Sternal head: Ventral surface of the manubrium. Clavicular head: Cranial surface of medial third of clavicle. Insertion -Lateral surface of mastoid process and superior nuchal line of occipital bone. Action - Turns head to side; flexes neck and head.(HW - page 335) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae. Insertion - First and second ribs Action - Flexes neck laterally. Elevates rib cage. (HW - page 335) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: A massive extensor consisting of three groups that are found from the sacrum to the skull and work to extend the spine or, if only one side contracts, to bring about lateral flexion. (HW - page 338) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament. Insertion - Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae and the twelfth rib. Action - Contraction of one side flexes the vertebral column laterally. Contraction of both sides extends the vertebral column(HW - page 340) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - Inferior border of a rib from costal tubercle to end of rib at articulation with costal cartilage. Insertion - Superior border of rib just inferior to rib of origin. Action - Elevates ribs during inspiration as needed(HW page 341) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - Superior border of a rib from costal angle to sternum. Insertion - Inferior border of rib just superior to rib of origin. Action - Interchondral portion elevates and draws ribs together during inspiration as needed. Interosseous portion depresses and draws ribs together during expiration as needed.(HW - page 343) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae. Insertion - Central tendon. Action - Pulls central tendon inferiorly. (HW -page 343) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - External surfaces of 5th to 12th ribs. Insertion - Anterior half of iliac crest, pubic tubercle, and linea alba. (The linea alba is a white line of fibrous tissue running vertically from the sternum to the pubic symphysis in the anterior abdominal wall.) Action - Compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk.(HW - page 345) |
|
Definition
| External abdominal obliques |
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia (the thoracolumbar fascia is an aponeurosis on the posterior side of the body in the thoracic and lumbar regions). Insertion - Linea alba, costal cartilage of last three or four ribs. Action - Compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk. (HW - page 345) |
|
Definition
| Internal abdominal oblique |
|
|
Term
| Identify (HW-page 348): Origin - Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia (the lumbar fascia is an aponeurosis in the lumbar region), and costal cartilage of last six ribs. Insertion - Xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubis. Action - Compresses and supports abdominal viscera.(HW - page 345) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify: Origin - Pubic crest and symphysis pubis. Insertion - Costal cartilages of fifth through seventh ribs and xiphoid process. Action - Flexes vertebral column. Compresses and supports abdominal viscera.(HW - page 345) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How might the sternocleidomastoid aid in respiration? (HW - consider the O&I.) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle closes the eye? (HW - page 321) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle forms the bulge on either side of the median furrow (the depression running along most of the length of the back)? (HW - 338) |
|
Definition
|
|
