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| Hindu devotional movement that flourished in the early modern era, emphasizing music, dance, poetry, and rituals as means by which to achieve direct union with the divine |
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| Catholic Counter Reformation |
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| An internal reform of the Catholic Church in the 16 century; thanks especially to the work of the Council of Trent (1545-1563) Catholic leaders clarified doctrine, corrected abuses and corruption, and put a new emphasis on education and accountability |
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| Condorcet and the idea of progress |
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| The Marquis de Condorcet (1743-1794) was a French philosopher and political scientist who argued that human affairs were moving into an era of near infinite improvability, with slavery, racism, tyranny, and other human trials swept away by the triumph of reason |
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| Polish mathematician and astronomer (1473-1543) who was the first to argue for the existence of a heliocentric model |
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| Polish mathematician and astronomer (1473-1543) who was the first to argue for the existence of a heliocentric model |
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| The main instrument of the Catholic Counter Reformation (1545-1563) at which the Catholic Church clarified doctrine and corrected abuses |
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| The main instrument of the Catholic Counter Reformation (1545-1563) at which the Catholic Church clarified doctrine and corrected abuses |
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| Highly influential English biologist (1809-1882) whose theory of natural section continues to be seen by many as a threat to revealed religious truths |
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| Belief in a divine being who created the cosmos but does not interfere directly in human affairs |
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| 1598 edict issues by French king Henry IV that granted considerable religious toleration to French Protestants and ended the French Wars of Religion |
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| European intellectual movement of the 18th century that applied the lessons of the scientific revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society |
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| Austrian doctor and the father of modern psychoanalysis (1856-1939) his theories about the operation of the human mind and emotions remain influential today |
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| Italian astronomer (1564-1642) who further the ideas of Copernicus and whose work was eventually suppressed by the Catholic Church |
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| Italian astronomer (1564-1642) who further the ideas of Copernicus and whose work was eventually suppressed by the Catholic Church |
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| The Protestant minority in France |
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| Series of Jesuit missionaries in the late 16th and 17th centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to understand and become a part of the Chinese culture in their efforts to convert the Chinese elites, although with limited success. |
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| “research based on evidence” Chinese intellectual movement whose practitioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis applied especially to historical documents |
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| German priest and theologian (1483-1546) who inaugurated the Protestant Reformation in Europe |
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| German philosopher (1818-1883) whose view of human history as a class struggled formed the basis of socialism |
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| German philosopher (1818-1883) whose view of human history as a class struggled formed the basis of socialism |
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| One of India’s most beloved poets (1498-1547) she helped break down the barriers of caste and tradition |
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| the founder of Sikhism (1469-1539) |
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| the founder of Sikhism (1469-1539) |
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| English natural scientist (1643-1727) whose formulation of the laws of motion and mechanics is regarded as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution |
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| List of ninety five debating points about abuses of the Church, posted by Martin Luther on the door of a church in Wittenberg in 1517; the Church’s strong reaction eventually drove Luther to separate from the Catholic Christianity |
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| Massive schism within Chrsitianty that had its formal beginning in 1517with the German priest Martin Luther, while the leaders of the movement claimed that they sought to “reform” a church that had fallen from biblical pratice, in reality the movement was radically innovative in its challenge to authority and its endorsements of salvation “by faith alone” |
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| The most famous Jesuit missionary in China in the early modern period ; active in China from 1582- 1610 |
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| Great European intellectual and cultural transformation that was based on the principles of the scientific method |
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| religious tradition of northern India founded by Guru Nanak ca. 1500; combines elements of Hinduism and Islam and proclaims the brotherhood of all humans and the equality of men and women |
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| Also called ‘Jesuits’ this Catholic religious society was founded to encourage the renewal of Catholism through education and preaching, soon it became the leading Catholic missionary order beyond the borders of Europe. |
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| “dancing sickness” a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s whose members preached the imminent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age |
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| “dancing sickness” a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s whose members preached the imminent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age |
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| Highly destructive war (1618-1648) that eventually included most of Europe fought for the most part between Protestant and Catholics, the conflict ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1684 |
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| Pen name of the French philosopher Francios Marie Arouet (1694-1778) whose work is often taken as a model of Enlightenment questioning of traditional values and attitudes, noted for his deism and criticism of traditional religion |
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| Major Islamic movement led by the Muslim theologian Abd al Wahhab (1703-1792) that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia or Islamic law |
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| Prominent Chinese philosopher (01472-1529) who argued that it was possible to achieve a virtuous life by introspection without the extensive education of traditional Confuciansim |
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