Term
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Definition
| any behaviour or emotional state that causes an individual great suffering, is self-destructive, seriously impairs the person's ability to work or get along with others, endangers others or community |
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Term
| diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)(V) |
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Definition
| the standard reference manual used to diagnose mental disorders, published by the American psychiatric association |
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Term
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Definition
| disorders that are specific to particular cultural contexts |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological tests used to infer a person's motives, conflicts, and unconscious dynamics on the basis of the person's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| a projective personality test that requires respondents to interpret abstract, symmetrical inkblots |
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Term
| objective tests (inventories) |
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Definition
| standardized objective questionnaires requiring written responses; they typically include scales on which people are asked to rate themselves |
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Term
| minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) |
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Definition
| a widely used objective personality test |
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Term
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Definition
| a general state of apprehension or psychological tension |
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Term
| generalized anxiety disorder |
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Definition
| a continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentration, and signs of motor tension |
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Term
| posttruamatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder in which a person who has experienced a traumatic or life threatening event has symptoms such as psychic numbing, reliving of the trauma, and increased physiological arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks, periods of intense fear, and feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid heart rate and dizziness |
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Term
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Definition
| an exaggerated, unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object |
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Term
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Definition
| an irrational fear, the sufferers of which become extremely anxious in situations in which they will be observed by others, worrying that they will do or say something that will be excruciatingly humiliating or embarrassing |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being away from a safe place or person |
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Term
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
| an anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualized behaviours (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| disturbances in mood ranging from extreme depression to extreme mania |
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Term
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Definition
| a mood disorder involving disturbances in emotion (excessive sadness), behaviour (loss of interest in one's usual activities), cognition (thoughts of hopelessness), and body function (fatigue and loss of appetite) |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormally high state of exhiliration |
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Term
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Definition
| a mood disorder in which episodes of both depression and mania (excessive euphoria) occur |
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Term
| vulnerability-stress models |
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Definition
| approaches that emphasize how individual vulnerabilities interact with external stresses or circumstances to produce mental disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| a pattern in the personality that involves unchanging, maladaptive traits that cause great distress or an inability to get along with others |
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Term
| paranoid personality disorder |
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Definition
| a disorder characterized by unreasonable, excessive suspiciousness and mistrust, and irrational feelings of being persecuted by others |
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Term
| narcissistic personality disorder |
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Definition
| a disorder characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance and self-absorption |
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Term
| borderline personality disorder |
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Definition
| a disorder characterized by intense but unstable relationships, a fear of abandonment by others, an unrealistic self-image, and emotional volatility |
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Term
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Definition
| a personality disorder characterized by a lack of remorse, empathy, anxiety, and other social emotions the use of deceit and manipulation; and impulsive thrill seeking |
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Term
| antisocial personality disorder (APD) |
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Definition
| a personality disorder characterized by a lifelong pattern of irresponsible, antisocial behaviour such as lawbreaking, violence, and other impulsive, reckless acts |
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Term
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Definition
| a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress |
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Term
| biological model of addiction |
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Definition
| addiction, whether to alcohol or any other drug, is due primarily to a person's biochemistry, metabolism, and genetic predisposition |
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Term
| learning model of addiction |
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Definition
| examines the role of environment, learning, and culture in encouraging or discouraging drug abuse and addiction |
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Term
| dissociative identity disorder |
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Definition
| a controversial disorder marked by the apparent appearence within one person of two or more distinct personalities, each with its own name and traits; formerly known as multiple personality disorder (MPD) |
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Term
| sociocognitive explanations of MPD |
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Definition
| the ability of some troubled, highly imaginative individuals to produce many different "personalities" when asked is simple an extreme form of the ability we all have to present different aspects of our personalities to others |
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Term
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Definition
| a psychotic disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized and incoherent speech, inapropriate behaviour, and cognitive impairments |
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Term
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Definition
| an extreme mental disturbance involving distorted perceptions and irrational behaviour; it may be psychological or organic causes |
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Term
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Definition
| a illogical jumble of ideas and symbols, linked by meaningless rhyming words or by remote associations |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which a person has withdrawn into a private world, and sits for hours without moving |
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