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Chapter 15c
Worms
42
Biology
10th Grade
04/01/2009

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Term
Cephalization
Definition
Organism has a head
Term
Triploblastic
Definition
Three cell/germ layers
Term
Epidermis
Definition
The outer cell or germ layer of an organism; came from ectoderm
Term
Mesoderm
Definition
The middle cell or germ layer of an organism
Term
Gastroderm
Definition
The innermost layer of an organism; came from endoderm
Term
Platyhelminthes
Definition
Phylum of worms known as the flatworms that
Term
Hydrostatic
Definition
A system in which a fluid provides the support for an organism
Term
Acoelomate
Definition
Lack a body cavity
Term
Pseudocoelomate
Definition
Body cavity lacks lining of true coelomates
Term
Nerve Ganglion
Definition
"Mini-brain" that is the main component of nervous systems for worms
Term
Flame Cells
Definition
Structures found in Platyhelminthes, which serve as mini-kidneys for the excretory system
Term
Parasite
Definition
An organism that obtains its nutrients by living in or on another organism (ex. Flukes and Tapeworms)
Term
Turbellaria
Definition
Class of free-living flatworms, which have a simple life cycle and are most often decomposers and scavengers in aquatic environments (Ex. Planarian)
Term
Trematoda
Definition
Class of flatworms that consist primarily of flukes, known for their complex two-step life cycle (mollusk-vertebrate (human)
Term
Cestoda
Definition
Class of flatworms that consists primarily of tapeworms, and is known for unique structures (scolex and proglottids)
Term
Nematoda
Definition
Phylum of worms known as roundworms. They are known for their tiny cylindrical body, pseudocoelomate, living in virtually every environment
Term
Annelida
Definition
Phylum of worms known as segmented worms. These worms have segments both internally and externally and also have a closed circulatory system. (Ex. Earthworm)
Term
Scolex
Definition
Bulb shaped head of Class Cestoda (tapeworms), which has a combination of suckers and hooks
Term
Proglottid
Definition
One segment of a tapeworm's ribbon-like body that contains both male and female structures; mature segments are at the anterior end of the worm
Term
Planarian
Definition
Free-living flatworm that lives in freshwater and serves as a great representation for the Class Turbellaria
Term
Hermaphrodite
Definition
An organism that has both male and female reproductive organs (Platyhelminthes and Annelids)
Term
Septum
Definition
Thin membrane that separates each segment in Annelids
Term
Clitellum
Definition
Swollen region in the anterior of an earthworm
Term
Setae
Definition
Small bristles on segmented worms that aid in movement and sensation
Term
Cilia
Definition
Short hairs that aid in movement for many flatworms
Term
Crop
Definition
Portion of the digestive tract that temporarily stores food; found in the annelids
Term
Gizzard
Definition
A thick-walled digestive organ that grinds food; found in annelids
Term
Closed circulatory system
Definition
System of vessels containing blood that absorbs and circulates nutrients through the organism
Term
Nephridia
Definition
tube-like structure in each body segment except the first three and the last, which are used to excrete metabolic and nitrogen wastes in earthworms
Term
Nephridiopores
Definition
Openings on the epidermis of earthworms through which metabolic wastes are excreted
Term
Ganglia
Definition
a mass of nervous tissue that serves as a brain in earthworms and other annelids
Term
Cuticle
Definition
Noncellular covering that serves as protection for many parasitic invertebrates
Term
Nurse cell
Definition
Host cell that serves as a source of nutrients for immature parasites (roundworms)
Term
Seminal vesicle
Definition
Sac-like structures in earthworms that store sperm from its own testes until mating occurs (segments 9, 11 and 13)
Term
Seminal receptacles
Definition
Sac-like structures in earthworms that store sperm received from its mating partner (segments 9 and 10)
Term
Dorsal blood vessel
Definition
blood vessel found on the dorsal side in annelids that carries blood to the heart
Term
Ventral blood vessel
Definition
blood vessel found on the ventral side in annelids that carries blood away from the heart
Term
Longitudinal muscle
Definition
muscles found in nematodes and annelids, which run the length of the worms body and aid in movement
Term
Aortic arches
Definition
blood vessel loops in annelids that regulate the blood flow in the organisms (segments 7-11)
Term
Anus
Definition
Opening at the anterior end of the earthworm where solid wastes are removed
Term
Prostomium
Definition
Fleshy lobe (lip) covering the mouth at the cephalic end of the worm
Term
Egg sacks
Definition
Sacks that receive and store eggs from the ovary to be released during mating
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