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Chapter 15
Flash Cards for Chapter 15 Vocabulary and concepts deemed important. Created from,
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Biology
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2010

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Term
Prokaryotes
Definition
Cells lacking a true nucleus
Term
Eukaryotes
Definition
Composed of one or more cells that contain nuclei and many other organelles
Term
Precambrian
Definition
A series of geological events, along with the appearance of eukaryotes, and underwater species.
Term
Paleozoic
Definition
Time when vertebrates capable of breathing air used supportive fins to move onto land. More significantly, when plants began to cover the earth (mosses, fungi)
Term
Mesozoic
Definition
Period of great geological shift, where continents begin to shift towards their current location. Period of the Dinosaurs. Ends in mass extinction.
Term
Cenozoic
Definition
Species that survived the mass extinction diversified and evolved into new species. Many familiar mammals developed during this time period.
Term
Spontaneous Generation
Definition
The idea that species were created out of elements.
Term
Biogenesis
Definition
The concept that all life today originated from another ancestral species. Raises the question, what was the first species?
Term
Four-Stage Hypothesis of Life
Definition
Synthesis of Monomers, Synthesis of Polymers, Formation of Pre-Cells, Ability to Self-Replicate
Term
Cocci
Definition
Spherical prokaryotes
Term
Bacilli
Definition
Rod shaped prokaryotes
Term
Binary Fission
Definition
A way for prokaryotic cells to reproduce by continuously copying DNA to create prokaryotes that expand through a power function.
Term
Endospore
Definition
A thick coating produced within a cell to protect the cell against almost any environmental hazard.
Term
Pathogens
Definition
Bacteria and organisms that cause disease
Term
Exotoxins
Definition
Poisonous proteins secreted by bacterial cells.
Term
Endotoxins
Definition
Chemical components of the outer membrane of certain bacteria.
Term
Bioremediation
Definition
The use of organisms to remove pollutants from water, air, or soil.
Term
Protists
Definition
Term that includes all eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants. Typically, they are unicellular
Term
Symbiosis
Definition
Close association between organisms of two or more species
Term
Endosymbiosis
Definition
One species living inside another host species.
Term
Protozoans
Definition
Protists that live primarily by ingesting food.
Term
Flagellates
Definition
Protozoans that move by means of one or more flagella.
Term
Amoebas
Definition
Protozoans that are characterized by great flexibility in their body shape
Term
Pseudopodia
Definition
Temporary extensions of the cell as a means of movement.
Term
Apicomplexans
Definition
Protozoans that are all parasitic, named for their tip that is specialized for penetrating host cells.
Term
Ciliates
Definition
Protozoans that use structures called cilia to move and feed
Term
Algae
Definition
Photosynthetic protists that can be unicellural, colonial, and multicellular.
Term
Plankton
Definition
The communities of organisms that drift or swim near water surfaces
Term
Dinoflagellate
Definition
Abundant pastures of reinforced plankton. Causes red tides.
Term
Diatoms
Definition
Cells with glass cell walls containing silica (mineral used to make glass)
Term
Green Algae
Definition
Found in aquatic environments, known for their general green tint.
Term
Seaweeds
Definition
Large, multicellular marine algae
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