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| Any vertebrate animal that produces amniote eggs; includes reptiles, birds and mammals: |
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| Vascular plants having flowers and seeds; the flowering plants: |
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| The oldest positively identified fossil bird; it had feathers but retained many reptile characteristics; from Jurassic-age rocks in Germany: |
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| A term referring to the ruling reptiles-dinosaurs, pterosaurs, crocodiles and birds: |
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| Walking on two legs as a means of locomotion, as in birds and humans: |
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| A type of therapsid (advanced mammal like reptile); ancestors of mammals are among the cynodonts: |
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| Any of the Mesozoic reptiles belonging to the orders Saurischia and Ornithischia: |
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| A cold-blooded vertebrate, such as an amphibian or reptile, that depends on external heat to regulate body temperature: |
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| A warm-blooded vertebrate, such as a bird or mammal, that maintains its body temperature, within narrow limits, by internal processes: |
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| Any of the porpoise-like, Mesozoic marine reptiles: |
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| The occurrence of a higher than usual concentration of the element iridium at the Cretaceous-Palogene boundary: |
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| The pouched mammals, such as wombats and kangaroos, that give birth to their young in a very immature state: |
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| The egg laying mammals; including only the platypus and spiny anteater of the Australian region: |
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| A term referring to a group of Mesozoic marine lizards: |
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| One of the two orders of dinosaurs; characterized by a birdlike pelvis; includes ornithopods, stegosaurs, ankylosaurs, pachyephalosaurs and ceratopsians: |
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| All mammals with a well-developed placenta to nourish the developing embryo, as opposed to egg laying mammals(monotremes) and pouched mammals (marsupials), which have a less efficient placenta: |
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| A type of Mesozoic marine reptile; both short-necked and long-necked existed: |
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| Any of the Mesozoic flying reptiles that had a long finger to support a wing: |
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| A term referring to locomotion on all four limbs, as in dogs and horses: |
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| An order of dinosaurs; characterized by a lizardlike pelvis; includes theropods, prosauropods, and sauropods: |
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| Permian to Traissic mammal-like reptiles; the ancestors of mammals are among one group of therapsids known as cynodonts: |
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Term
The flowering plants, otherwise known as ( ), evolved during the ( ) Periods.
A) Gymnosperms/Triassic
B) Seedless plants/Permian
C) Horsetails/Cenozoic
D) Angiosperms/Cretaceous
E) Cycads/Jurassic |
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Definition
| D) Angiosperms/Cretaceous |
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Term
The only mammals that lay shelled eggs belong to the group known as the:
A) Therapsids
B) Monotremes
C) Pterosaurs
D) Endotherms
E) Bipeds |
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All known carnivorous dinosaurs were:
A) Quadrupeds
B) Stegosaurs
C) Theropods
D) Ichthyosaurs
E) Marsupials |
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One specialization in pterosaurs was:
A) development of a placenta to nourish embryos
B) flipper like limbs for steering and maneuvering
C) huge legs to support a massive body
D) teeth differentiated into specific types
E) modified hand with a long finger to support a wing |
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Definition
| E) modified hand with a long finger to support a wing |
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Which one of the following statements is correct?
A) The first flying vertebrates were plesiosaurs
B) Icthyosaurs look much like living opossums
C) Most Triassic plants were angiosperms
D) Rudists were important Mesozoic reef-building animals
E) The lower jaw of archosaurs was made up of a single bone |
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Definition
| D) Rudists were important Mesozoic reef-building animals |
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Term
Because of their rapid evolution and nektonic lifestyle, the ( ) are good guide fossils.
A) Ammonites
B) Saurischians
C) Amphibians
D) Bivalves
E) Trilobites |
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Which one of the following groups was not only common during the Mesozoic, but are now the major primary producers in today's warm seas?
A) Nautiloids
B) Rudists
C) Dinoflagellates
D) Coleoids
E) Placentas |
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Which one of the following groups was not only common during the Mesozoic, but are now the major primary producers in today's warm seas?
A) Nautiloids
B) Rudists
C) Dinoflagellates
D) Coleoids
E) Placentas |
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Which one of the following groups was not only common during the Mesozoic, but are now the major primary producers in today's warm seas?
A) Nautiloids
B) Rudists
C) Dinoflagellates
D) Coleoids
E) Placentas |
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Definition
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Term
The most mammal-like of all mammal-like reptiles were the:
A) Cynodonts
B) Ornithopods
C) Angiosperms
D) Ophiolites
e) Saurischians |
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Archaeopteryx is considered by most paleontologists to be the first known:
A) Dinosaur
B) Marine reptile
C) Bird
D) Mammal
E) Cynodont |
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The middle-ear bones of mammals evolved from which of these bones in the mammal-like reptiles?
A) Palatine and vomer
B) Articular and quadrate
C) Prefrontal and parietal
D) Dentary and incus
E) Tibia and fibula |
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Definition
| B) Articular and quadrate |
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Term
| The mammalian order whose members have two or four toes; the even-toed hoofed mammals such as deer, goats, sheep, antelope, bison, swine and camels: |
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| An animal that eats tender shoots, twigs and leaves: |
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| A pair of specialized shearing teeth in members of the mammal order Carnivora: |
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| An order of mammals consisting of meat eaters such as dogs, cats, bears, weasels and seals: |
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| The mammal order that includes whales, porpoises and dolphins: |
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| An animal that eats low-growing vegetation, especially grasses: |
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| A small Early Eocene mammal that was ancestral to today's horses: |
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| Any of a mammal's teeth that are used for grinding and chewing: |
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| An evolutionary trend in hoofed animals in which the premolars become more like molars, giving the animals a continuous series of grinding teeth: |
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| A warming trend that began abruptly about 55 million years ago: |
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Definition
| Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum |
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| The order of odd-toed hoofed animals; consists of present-day horses, tapirs and rhinoceroses: |
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| Any of a mammal's teeth between the canines and the molars; premolars and molars together are a mammal's chewing teeth: |
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| The order of mammals that includes prosimians (lemurs and tarsiers), and anthropoids (monkeys, apes and humans): |
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| The order of mammals that includes elephants and their extinct relatives: |
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| Any cud-chewing placental mammal with a complex three or four chambered stomach, such as deer, cattle, antelope and camels: |
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| An informal term referring to a variety of mammals but especially the hoofed mammals of the orders Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla: |
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The Artiodacyla is an order of mammals that includes the:
A) Carnivores
B) Elephants and whales
C) Even-toed hoofed mammals
D) rodents, rabbits and bats
E) Primates |
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Definition
| C) Even-toed hoofed mammals |
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Term
Cenozoic bryozoans were particularly abundant and successful:
A) Suspension feeders
B) Predatory birds
C) Marine reptiles
D) Meat-eating mammals
E) Bony fish |
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One of the defining features of the carnivorous mammals is:
A) Short, massive limbs
B) Molarization of the premolars
C) Teeth adapted to grazing
D) Four chambered stomach
E) Carnassial teeth |
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Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
A) The oldest known member of the horse family is Hyracotherium
B) Ungulate is a designation for all hoofed animals
C) Browsers have high-crowned chewing teeth
D) Multituberculates were rodent like mammals that survived from the Mesozoic into the Cenozoic
E) Flightless, predatory birds were common in South America during the Cenozoic |
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Definition
| A) The oldest known member of the horse family is Hyracotherium |
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Term
The three geologic periods, from oldest to youngest, for the Cenozoic Era are:
A) Quarternary, Paleogene, Neogene
B) Neogene, Miocene, Pleistocene
C) Mesozoic, Eocene, Holocene
D) Paleogene, Neogene, Quarternary
E) Cretaceous, Pliocene, Ogliocene |
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Definition
| D) Paleogene, Neogene, Quarternary |
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Term
The monotremes, one of the three basic groups of mammals, is the only one that:
A) lays eggs
b) bears live young
C) is warm blooded
D) has vestigial wings
E) has a fairly good fossil record |
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One of the main components of the Cenozoic marine fauna was:
A) Foraminifera
B) Cetaceans
C) Ammonites
D) Trilobites
E) Ungulates |
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Which one of the following has been proposed as a cause of Pleistocene extinctions?
A) Meteorite impact
B) Climate change
C) Evolution of grasses
D) Migration of mammals from Australia
E) Increased energy from the Sun |
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One indication of a cool climate is:
A) an increase in diversity of odd-toed hoofed mammals
B) extinction of coccolithophores
C) small leaves with incised margins
D) mammals with nostrils on the top of the head
E) evolution of large, flightless birds |
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Definition
| C) small leaves with incised margins |
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Term
During the Cenozoic Era, Earth's temperatures were highest during the ( ) epoch.
A) Eocene
B) Holocene
C) Miocene
D) Pleistocene
E) Oligocene |
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