Term
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Definition
| the exterior protein coat of a parent virus |
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Term
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Definition
1. a "backbone" made up of the sugar & phosphate groups of deoxyribonucleotides
2. a series of bases that project from the backbone |
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Term
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Definition
| the double stranded molecule that results from antiparallel strands twisting so certain bases can fit together |
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Term
| complementary base pairing |
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Definition
| hydrogen bonding of particular base pairs (A-T & G-C) |
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Term
| semiconservative replication |
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Definition
| if the old, parental strands of DNA separated, each could then be used as a template for the synthesis of a new, daughter strand |
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Term
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Definition
| if the bases temporarily turned outward so that complementary strands no longer faced each other, they could serve as a template for the synthesis of an entirely new double helix all at once |
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Term
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Definition
| if the parental double helix were cut wherever one strand crossed over another & DNA was synthesized in short sections by extending each of the cut parental strands to the next strand crossover, then there would be a mix of new & old segments along each replicated molecule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| polymerizes deoxyribonucleotides into DNA |
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Term
| deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) |
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Definition
| the monomers that are used in the DNA synthesis reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| the specific sequence of bases at which the replication bubble forms |
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Term
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Definition
| breaks the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs |
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Term
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Definition
| the Y-shaped region where the parent-DNA double helix is split into two single strands & copied |
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Term
| single-strand DNA-binding proteins (SSBPs) |
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Definition
| attach to the separated strands & prevent them from snapping back into a double helix |
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Term
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Definition
| cuts DNA, allows it to unwind, & rejoins it ahead of the advancing replication fork |
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Term
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Definition
| a strand a few nucleotides long that is bonded to the template strand & provides DNA polymerase with a free 3' hydroxyl (-OH) group that can combine with an incoming deoxyribonucleotide to form a phosphodiester bond |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesizes a short stretch of RNA that acts as a primer for DNA polymerase |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme that catalyzes the polymerization of ribunucleotides into RNA |
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Term
| leading strand/continuous strand |
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Definition
| the enzyme's product that leads into the replication fork & is synthesized continuously |
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Term
| lagging strand/discontinuous strand |
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Definition
| the strand of DNA that extends in the direction away from the replication fork |
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Term
| 5 steps: synthesis of the lagging strand |
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Definition
1. primer added; primase synthesizes RNA primer
2. first fragment synthesized; DNA polymerase III works in 5' -> 3' direction, synthesizing first Okazaki fragment of lagging strand
3. second fragment synthesized; primase & DNA polymerase III synthesize another Okazaki fragment
4. primer replaced; DNA polymerase I removes ribonucleotides of primer, replaces them with deoxyribunucleotides in 5'->3' direction
5. gap closed; DNA ligase closes gap in sugar-phosphate backbone |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyzes formation of a phosphodiester bond between the adjacent fragments of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| holds DNA polymerase in place during strand extension |
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Term
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Definition
| a large macomolecular machine where all the enzymes involved in DNA replication are joined |
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Term
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Definition
| the region at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from an RNA template that it contains |
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Term
| 4 steps: telomere replication |
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Definition
1. end is unreplicated
2. telomerase extends unreplicated end
3. again, telomerase extends unreplicated end
4. lagging strand is completed |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that are not involved in gamete formation |
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Term
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Definition
| if the wrong base is added during DNA synthesis, DNA polymerase III pauses, removes the mismatched deoxyribonucleotide that was just added, & then proceeds again with synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| mismatched bases are corrected after DNA synthesis is complete |
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Term
| 4 steps: nucleotide excision repair |
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Definition
1. error detection
2. nucleotide excision
3. nucleotide replacement
4. nucleotide linkage |
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