Term
| sites of gas exchange between the atmosphere and the blood |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what assists alveolis in air exchange |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| all the areas in which gas exchane between air and blood occurs |
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Definition
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|
Term
| gases diffues from areas of ______ pressure to areas of ________ pressure |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| the amount of pressure each gas exerts is to equal to |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what happens when the partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveolar air than in the capillary blood |
|
Definition
| oxygen will diffuse into the blood |
|
|
Term
| what happens when partial pressure of carbon dioxide is greater in the blood than the alveolar air |
|
Definition
| oxygen will diffuse out of the blood |
|
|
Term
| what factors favor increased diffusion |
|
Definition
a. more surface area
b. shorter distance
c. greater solubility of gases
d. steeper partial pressure gradient |
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|
Term
| over _% of oxygen is carried bound to hemoglobin of red blood cells |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does oxygen bound to hemoglobin form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is oxyhemoglobin unstable |
|
Definition
| in places where the oxygen level is low |
|
|
Term
| deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how may carbon dioxide be transported |
|
Definition
a. dissolved in blood plasma
b. carbinohemoglobin
c. bicarbonate ions |
|
|
Term
| how is most carbon dioxide transported |
|
Definition
| in the form of bicarbonate |
|
|
Term
| what happens when carbon dioxide reacts with water in the plasma |
|
Definition
| carbonic acid is slowly formed |
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|
Term
| what three things happens to the air we breathe |
|
Definition
a. oxygen is removed
b. carbon dioxide is added
c. water vapor is added |
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|
Term
| how many alveoli our in our lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 special moleucles that help process of gas exchange |
|
Definition
a. macromolecules
b. hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| soaplike, consisting of phospholipid and protein, and coat inner surface of Alveolus |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| oxygen carrying molecule that is a component of blood |
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Definition
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|
Term
| red colored protein found in red blood cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many sites does each hemoglobin have that oxygen can bond to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normal rate of respiration in adults |
|
Definition
| 12 to 20 respirations per minute |
|
|
Term
| normal rate of respiration in children |
|
Definition
| 20 to 40 respirations per minute |
|
|
Term
| what makes up the respiratory center |
|
Definition
| a collection of neurons in the medulla oblongata and in the lower portion of the pons |
|
|
Term
| what does the respiratory center control |
|
Definition
| the rate and depth of the respiration |
|
|
Term
| components of the respiratory center |
|
Definition
| rhythmicity center of the medulla and pneumotaxic area of the pons |
|
|
Term
| what 2 groups of neurons are included in the medullary rhythmicity |
|
Definition
a. dorsal respiratory group
b. ventral respiratory group |
|
|
Term
| responsible for the basic rhythm of breathing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used when more forceful breathing is required |
|
Definition
| ventral respiratory group |
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|
Term
| neurons in the __________ control the rate of breathing |
|
Definition
| pneumotaxic area and aortic arch |
|
|
Term
| name three things that affect your state of breathing |
|
Definition
a. chemicals
b. lung tissue stretching
c. emotional state |
|
|
Term
| ________________ are sensitive to changes in the blood concentration of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens when either carbon dioxide or hdyrogen ion concentrations rise |
|
Definition
| the chemoreceptors signal the respiratory center |
|
|
Term
| where are peripheral chemoreceptors found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does hyperventilation do |
|
Definition
| lowers the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood |
|
|
Term
| breathing is controlled by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sensory neurons found in the medulla oblongata control |
|
Definition
| motor neurons in the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| what are the primary stimuli that cause us to breathe |
|
Definition
| carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions |
|
|
Term
| where are the two sets of sensory neurons that check the levels of gases in the blood located |
|
Definition
1. in the carotid arteries (neck)
2. near aorta |
|
|
Term
| what does carbonic acid immediately dissolve into |
|
Definition
| hydrogen ions and a bicarbonate ion |
|
|
Term
| what is the average capacity of a person's lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much air can be inhaled orexhaled during excercise |
|
Definition
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