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Definition
Chinese Muslim admiral who commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea trade expeditions under third Ming Emperor, Yunglo, between 1405 and 1433
Significance: -commanded many expeditions to Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean, and Red Sea
Analyze: -expansion of territory and trade; power and wealth |
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Term
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Definition
Cultural and political movement in western Europe; began in Italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages
Significance: -major political and cultural movement in Europe
-stressed more secular topics in art and literature than those of medieval times
Analyze: -people were realizing corruptness of the church
-science and technology were reemerging; often more exciting than religion |
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Term
page 344
Francesco Petrarch
([PEE-trahrk] 1304-1374) |
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Definition
One of the major literary figures of the Western Renaissance; an Italian author and humanist
Significance: -literary works inspired many later authors and humanists, such as Shakespeare
-considered to be the first Renaissance humanist
-credited with creation of Petrarchan sonnet
Analyze: -romance with woman named Laura originally sparked his interest in writing |
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Term
page 344
Castile and Aragon |
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Definition
Both regional kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda
Significance: -instituted robust military and religious agenda
-believed government had the right to expel Jews and Arabs
-development of new governments promoted West's expansionism
Analyze: -Christians believed they were superior to other religions
-wanted to get rid of Muslim rulers
-religious mission and support allowed society to go on excursions and spread word of God, as well as trade |
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Definition
Two Genoese brothers who attempted to find a Western route to the "Indies"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of thrust into southern Atlantic
Significance: -disappeared while trying to find route to Indies
-forerunners of future explorers
Analyze: -mystery of Indies still remained, and therefore more investigation was needed |
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Term
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Definition
Portugese captain who sailed for India in 1497; established early Portuguese dominance in Indian Ocean
Significance: -sailed for India; established Portuguese dominance in Indian Ocean
Analyze: -compass and astrolabe allowed him to go on long voyage
-relationship needed to be established to enlarge trade routes |
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Term
page 346
Henry the Navigator |
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Definition
Portuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions along the African coast in 15th century; marked beginning of western European expansion
Significance: -led excursions along African coast; introduced commercial form of slavery
-funded expeditions that brought in Western plants, animals, weapons, and diseases
Analyze: -scientific and intellectual curiosity, religious extension, and financial interest |
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