Term
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Definition
| -where the mobile element comes from |
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Term
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Definition
| -where the mobile element is inserting itself |
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Term
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Definition
| -cutting the transposon out by transposase |
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Term
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Definition
| -insertion of mobile element (donor site) into target site |
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Term
| Long interspersed element (LINE) |
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Definition
-type of retroposon
-much larger repeats
-encode for enzymes (reverse transcriptase and endonuclease) so that they can copy themselves and then move |
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Term
| Short interspersed element (SINE) |
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Definition
-type of retroposon
-short repeats (smaller than 500 nt) that are found in between genes
-since they are so short, they rely on enzymes encoded elsewhere to make them jump
-do not encode their own reverse transcriptase
-mobilized by reverse transcriptase enzymes that are encoded by LINES residing in the genome |
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Term
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Definition
-encode a self-splicing intron, a reverse transcriptase and an endonuclease that generate new copies from RNA
-these are are no longer active in eukaryotic genomes - splicing of the now dead copies has been taken over by the cell’s splicing machinery
-Since their origin, the insertion of the other three classes of mobile element have slowly made the introns larger. (transposons, retrotranposons, and retroposons)
-almost 1/2 of the human genome is derived from transposable elements |
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Term
| Selfish DNA: the ultimate parasite |
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Definition
the concept that mobile elements are selfish (junk)
-suggested over 30 years ago
(these mobile elements have no purpose, just keep replicating and introns are getting bigger and bigger |
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Term
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Definition
-one of the major classes of mobile elements
-cut out and then moves to another chromosome
-encodes a protein transposase that cuts the element out of the chromosome and inserts it into another location of the genome |
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Term
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Definition
-one of the major classes of mobile elements
-replicated and then cut out -> old and new copy
-encodes reverse transcriptase and transposase that generate new copies from RNA |
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Term
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Definition
-one of the major classes of mobile elements
-encodes reverse transcriptase and endonuclease that also generate new copies from RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| -synthesizes a copy of retrotransposon |
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Term
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Definition
-the movement of a DNA sequence from one site to another within the genome
-only the insertions into introns will remain in the population because they are less likely to cause a deleterious mutation
-a successful transposable element increases copy # without harming its host |
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Term
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Definition
| the enzyme that cuts the transposase out |
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