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Chapter 15
Blood
33
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
04/05/2010

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Cards

Term
How much blood does the average adult have
Definition
5.5 liters
Term
How much plasma is in the average person
Definition
55%
Term
What is the percentage of erythrocytes in blood
Definition
44%
Term
Red Blood Cells are also known as
Definition
Erythrocytes
Term
Leukocytes and platelets make up what percentage of blood
Definition
1%
Term
White blood cells are also known as
Definition
Leukocytes
Term
Plasma contains
Definition
  • 90% water
  • 8% proteins
  • nutrients
  • respiratory gases
  • electrolytes
  • wastes
Term
What are plasma proteins
Definition
  • albumins
  • globulins
  • fibrinogens
Term
Albumins make up what percent of plasma proteins
Definition
60%
Term
What plasma proteins contribute to the osmotic pressure of plasma, which affects water movement between blood and ISF
Definition
Albumins
Term
What plasma protein are carriers for lipids, hormones, ions
Definition
Globulins
Term
What are gamma-globulins
Definition
antibodies
Term
What plasma protein form long insoluble fibrin strands, which help form clots
Definition
fibrinogens
Term
What is serum
Definition
plasma from which fibrinogen and other clotting proteins have been removed
Term
What is in the nutrients of plasma
Definition
  • glucose
  • amino acids
  • fatty acids
  • cholesterol
  • vitamins
Term
What type of blood cell are small bi-concave, no nucleus, no organelles
Definition

Erythrocytes

(RBCs)

Term
What do erythrocytes transport
Definition

O2  and CO2

 

Term
What do erythrocytes contain
Definition
  • large amounts of hemoglobin(protein)
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
  • 4 subunits, each with an iron-containing heme group
  • lack nucleus
Term
Where are Erythrocytes produced
Definition
  • red bone marrow
    • average person makes about 200 billion per day
    • 25 trillion in each person
    • 5 million per microliter of blood
Term
What hormone is secreted by the kidney, inresponse to low blood oxygen levels
Definition
erythropoietin
Term
Erythropoietin stimulates what to produce higher numbers of RBCs
Definition
bone marrow
Term
How long do RBCs live
Definition
120 days (4 months)
Term
What two organs recylce old blood cells
Definition
  • spleen
  • liver
Term
Leukocytes
Definition
  • immune system
  • make up less than 1% of blood
  • 5,000 to 10,000 per microliter of blood
  • 5 differet types of WBCs
Term
What are the different types of WBCs
Definition
  • Neutrophils - 60%
  • Lymphocytes - 30%
  • Monocytes - 6%
  • Eosinophils - 3%
  • Basophils - 1%

 

Never Let Monkeys Eat Banana's

Term
Life cycle of WBCs
Definition
  • produced in red bone marrow
  • share a common precursor cell with RBCs
  • nucleated - longer life span
Term
Neutrophils
Definition
  • phagocytosis of foreign material
Term
Eosinophils
Definition
  • kill parasites
Term
Basophils
Definition
  • Secrete chemical mediators in inflammation and allergic reactions
Term
Monocytes
Definition
  • Phagocytosis
  • mature into macrophages in tissue
Term
Lymphocytes
Definition
  • B cells - sectete antibodies
  • T cells - sectret cytokines that support mmune response of other cells
    • secrete factors that kill infected or tumor cells
Term
Platelets
Definition
  • cytoplasmic fragments, granules
  • Hemostasis
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