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Chapter 15
Vision
59
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
01/25/2012

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Term
lacrimal apparatus
Definition
consists of the lacrimal gland, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct
Term
lacrimal glands
Definition
superior to the lateral aspect of each eye; secrete tears
Term
lacrimal puncta
Definition
where the tears flush through the eyeball
Term
lysozyme
Definition
an antibacterial enzyme secreted by the lacrimal apparatus
Term
eyelids
Definition
palpebrae
Term
conjunctiva
Definition
mucous membrane hat lines the internal surface of each eyelid and covers the cornea
Term
conjunctivitis
Definition
inflammation of the conjunctiva, accompanied by redness
Term
ciliary glands
Definition
modified sweat glands that lie between the eyelash hair follicles and help lubricate the eyebrow
Term
sty
Definition
inflammation of a ciliary gland or small oil gland
Term
lateral rectus muscle
Definition
moves eye laterally
Term
medial rectus muscle
Definition
moves eye medially
Term
superior rectus muscle
Definition
elevates eye and turns it medially
Term
inferior rectus muscle
Definition
depresses eye and turns it medially
Term
inferior oblique muscle
Definition
elevates eye and turns it laterally
Term
superior oblique muscle
Definition
depresses eye and turns it laterally
Term
fibrous tunic
Definition
protective outermost layer composed od dense avascular connective tissue
Term
sclera
Definition
opaque white part of the fibrous tunic that is observable anteriorly "white of the eye"
Term
cornea
Definition
transparent portion of the fibrous tunic through which light enters
Term
vascular layer
Definition
(uvea) middle layer
Term
choroid
Definition
blood-rich nutritive region; prevents light from scattering within the eye
Term
ciliary bodies
Definition
ciliary muscles that help to control lens shape
Term
ciliary processes
Definition
help to secrete aqueous humor
Term
iris
Definition
the most anterior part of the uvea, the colored part of the eye
Term
pupil
Definition
middle of the iris in which light passes through
Term
sensory tunic
Definition
intermost layer of the eye containing the two layered retina
Term
retina
Definition
two layered membrane in the sensory tunic
Term
pigmented epithelium
Definition
layer of the retina covers the ciliary body and the posterior side of the iris
Term
neural layer
Definition
layer of the retina that extends anteriorly only to the ciliary body; contains rods and cones
Term
optic disk
Definition
where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball; blind spot
Term
macula lutea
Definition
surronds the optic disk and has high cone concentration
Term
fovea centralis
Definition
center of the macula lutea that contains mostly cones and is the area of highest visual acuity
Term
lens
Definition
light entering the eye is focused on the retina by this
Term
cataracts
Definition
when the lens becomes hard and opaque; results in hazy or entirely obstructed vision
Term
anterior segment
Definition
in front of lens
Term
posterior segment
Definition
behind lens
Term
anterior chamber
Definition
before the iris
Term
posterior chamber
Definition
after the iris
Term
ciliary processes
Definition
produce aqueous humor
Term
scleral venous sinus
Definition
reabsorbs aqueous humor
Term
glaucoma
Definition
elevated intraocular pressure of the eye
Term
rods
Definition
dim light
Term
cones
Definition
color vision (blue, green, red)
Term
optic nerve
Definition
where ganglion cells axons leave the retina in tight tracts
Term
tapetum lucidum
Definition
allows for night vision in animals
Term
ora serrata
Definition
where the retina attaches
Term
accomodation
Definition
the ability of the eye to focus differentially for objects of near vision
Term
real image
Definition
image seen by the eye (reversed, inverted, and smaller)
Term
emmetropic eye
Definition
normal eye, able to accommodate properly
Term
myopia
Definition
nearsightedness, can see near objects; correction requires a concave lens
Term
hyperopia
Definition
farsightedness, can see far away; correction is convex lens
Term
presbyopia
Definition
old vision; has trouble seeing near and far
Term
optic chiasma
Definition
where the fibers from the medial sides of the eye cross over
Term
Snellen eye chart
Definition
tests visual acuity
Term
20/15 vision
Definition
the person can stand at 20 feet and see what the normal eye can see at 15 feet
Term
20/40 vision
Definition
what a normal eye can see at 40 feet you can only see at 20
Term
Ishihara's color plates
Definition
tests for color blindness; designed to test for deficiencies in cones
Term
astigmatism chart
Definition
used to test astigmatism; tests for defects in the refracting surface of the lens and or cornea
Term
binocular vision
Definition
170 degree overlap in visual field
Term
convergnce
Definition
medial eye movements
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