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Chapter 14 Vocabulary
Abnormal Behavior in Childhood and Adolescence
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
03/27/2013

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Term
True.
Definition
Many behavior patterns considered normal for children would be considered abnormal in adults.
Term
True. However, anxiety and mood disorders become more common among women beginning in adolescence.
Definition
Boys are more likely to develop anxiety and mood disorders than girls are.
Term
pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs)
Definition
a class of developmental disorders characterized by significantly impaired behavior or functioning in multiple areas of development
Term
autism
Definition
a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by failure to relate to others, lack of speech, disturbed motor behaviors, intellectual impairment, and demands for sameness in the environment
Term
Asperger's disorder
Definition
a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behavior but without the significant language or cognitive impairment associated with autism
Term
Rett's disorder
Definition
a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by a range of physical, behavioral, motor, and cognitive abnormalities that begin after a few months of apparently normal development
Term
childhood disintegrative disorder
Definition
a pervasive developmental disorder involving loss of previously acquired skills and abnormal functioning following a period of apparently normal development during the first 2 years of life
Term
mental retardation
Definition
a generalized delay of impairment in the development of intellectual and adaptive abilities
Term
Down syndrome
Definition
a condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair and characterized by mental retardation and various physical anomalies
Term
fragile X syndrome
Definition
an inherited form of mental retardation caused by a mutated gene on the X chromosome
Term
phenylketonuria (PKU)
Definition
a genetic disorder that prevents the metabolization of phenylpyruvic acid, leading to mental retardation unless the diet is strictly controlled
Term
cultural-familial retardation
Definition
a mild form of mental retardation that is influenced by impoverishment of the home environment
Term
dyslexia
Definition
a learning disorder characterized by impaired reading ability
Term
learning disorder
Definition
a deficiency in a specific learning ability in the context of normal intelligence and exposure to learning opportunities
Term
False. Nelson Rockefeller, vice president during the Ford administration in the 1970s, suffered from dyslexia and struggled with reading, not arithmetic.
Definition
A former vice president of the United States had such difficulty with arithmetic that he could never balance a checkbook.
Term
communication disorders
Definition
a class of psychological disorders characterized by difficulties in understanding or using language
Term
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Definition
a behavior disorder characterized by excessive motor activity and inability to focus one's attention
Term
hyperactivity
Definition
an abnormal behavior pattern characterized by difficulty in maintaining attention and extreme recklessness
Term
False. Not quite. ADHD comes in second, after learning disabilities.
Definition
The most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in young people age 6 to 17 is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Term
True.
Definition
Women who smoke during pregnancy increase the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in their offspring.
Term
False. Children with ADHD are often given stimulant drugs, such as Ritalin, not depressants. These stimulants have a paradoxical effect of calming them down and increasing their attention spans.
Definition
Children who are hyperactive are often given depressants to help calm them down.
Term
conduct disorder
Definition
a psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by disruptive, antisocial behavior
Term
oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
Definition
a psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by excessive oppositionality or tendencies to refuse requests from parents and others
Term
separation anxiety disorder
Definition
a childhood disorder characterized by extreme fear of separation from parents or others caretakers
Term
True.
Definition
Difficulties at school, problem behaviors, and physical complaints may actually be signs of depression in children.
Term
False. Actually, suicide is rare among children and young adolescents. But the risks increase with age into late adolescence and early adulthood.
Definition
Suicide is unfortunately quite common among young teens around the time of puberty.
Term
enuresis
Definition
failure to control urination after one has reached the expected age for attaining such control
Term
True. The use of a urine alarm can help condition the enuretic child to awaken to the pressure of a full bladder.
Definition
Principles of classical conditioning can be applied to treat bed-wetting in children.
Term
encopresis
Definition
lack of control over bowel movements that is not caused by an organic problem in a child who is at least 4 years old
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