• Fruit fly
• Commonly used in genetic expirements b/c . . . they have a short life span/reproduce really fast
• easy to keep - don't take up much room

• Def: a picture of all the chromosomes in one cell of an organism
• pairs from biggest to smallest

1. Autosomes

2. Sex Chromosomes

• chromosomes that have NOTHING to do with gender
• carry genes for traits like hair color, ear lobes, etc.
• pairs 1-22; pairs 1-22 are HOMOLOGOUS

• whole chromosomes that determine sex/gender
• pair 23
• XX: Girl
• XY: Boy

What cells have HALF the normal number of chromosomes?

Who determines the sex/gender of the kid?

What can Mom only give?

What can Dad can give?

Dad

X

X or Y

• type of gene that controlle by more then two alleles

Do a chart of ABO blood group . . .

How many Phenotypes?

How many Genotypes?

Pheno:          Geno:

A                  AO (hetero A)

                    AA (homo A)

B                  BO (hetero B)

                    BB (homo B)

AB                AB "codominant"

O                  OO (homo O)

4 Pheno . . . 6 Geno

• a chart that shows relationships within a family
• "trace" a genetic disease

Key:

• squares: male
• circles: female
• vertical lines: connect keds to parents
• horizontal: marriage / mating
• kids are left to righ with oldest on the left
• half shaded = hetero; empty = homo dom; all shaded = homo rec

possitive or negative blood

regualar gentetic = 2 Pheno/3 Geno

pos = dom; meg = rec

recessive, have no melanin

symptions:

lack of pigment in skin, hair, eyes; very sun sensitive ... skin cancer: chromosomes pair 2

recessive, fatal, usually don't live past your 20's

mostly people of Western European decent

symptoms:

mucal builds up in lungs, digestive system & liver

on chromosome pair 7

recessive, fatal, die as a young child

fat builds up in the brain . .  retardation

(lung development, heart; in people of Eastern European decent)

(Hebrew)

CODOMINANT

sickle shaped red blood cells 

don't carry oxygen very well

can have poor circulation due to blockages. . . amputate=symptoms

most common in people of African decent

R=round

S=sickle

in malaria infested regions being RS = good

recessive

symptoms:

an amino acid called phenylalanine builds us in brain -> causes reardation (mental)

effects can be avoided by NOt eating foods with phenylalanine when a brain is developing!

dominant

system:

nervy system destroyed - lose body control

fatal

do not show up until around age 40

chromosome on pair 4

dominant

caused dwarfism

little people big world on tlc

theyare genes on the sex chromosomes

discovered by Thomas Moragn -> saw whike eyes in fruit flies

***ONLY ON THE SEX CHROMOSOMES - X!!***

colorblindness

hemopholia

duchenna muscular distrophy

Colorblindness:

caused by a recessive

inability to distinguish certain colors 

most commonly red and green

the inability for the blood to clot

caused by a recessive

caused by a recessive

causes skeletal muscles to degenerate 

will eventually die

have an extra chromosome

not fatal

have onle less than normal

not fatal

XO

women only

short/ have thick necks

solid/stout

XXY

guys

"girl"

tall & thin

XXX

females

not really anything else out of the ordinary

lethal ... Y is to "wimpy" 

(not enough genes/alleles to sustain the life)

trisomy -> pair 21

big tounges/eyelids, short/stout fingers

short, chubby, happy and friendle

heart problems

only found in females

do not know the reason behind it

by Mary Lyon

idea that women only need ONE active X chromo

disease/disorder shown is different depending on  whether it is inherited from the mother or from the father

... no idea why

mutation (mistake in genetic material) on chromo 15

cuases shortness & obesity/learining issues

inherited from FATHER

mutation of chromo 15

causes hyperactivity, thinness, normal height, inappropriate laughter, seizures, development delayed

inherited by MOTHER