The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the:

A. sinoatrial (SA) node

B. bundle of his

C. coronary sinus

D. atrioventricular (AV) node

When an electrical impulse reaches the AV node, it is slowed for a brief period of time so that:

A. blood can pass from the artria to the ventricles

B. the SA node can reset and generate another impulse

C. the impulse can spread through the Purkinje fibers

D. blood returning from the body can fill the atria

Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood?

A. superior vena ceva

B. pulmonary arteries

C. inferior vena ceva

D. pulmonary veins

 Narrowing of the coronary arteries due to a buildup of fatty deposits is called:

A. angina pectoris

B. arteriosclerosis

C. atherosclerosis

D. acute ischemia

When the myocardium requires more oxygen:

A. the Av node conducts fewer impulses

B. the arteries supplying the heart dilate

C. the heart contracts with less force

D. the heart rate decreases significantly

Which of the following is NOT a function of the sympathetic nervous system?

A. dilation of blood vessels in the muscles

B. constriction of blood vessels in the digestive system

C. constriction of blood vessels in the muscles

D. increases in the heart and respiratory

In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system:

A. prepares the body to handle stress

B. dilates the blood vessels in the muscles

C. causes an increase in the heart rate

D. slows the heart and respiratory rates

The left ventricle has the thickest walls because it:

A. pumps blood to the lungs to be reoxygenated

B. uses less oxygen than other chambers of the heart

C. receives blood directly from the systemic circulation

D. pumps blood into the aorta and systemic circulation

Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because:

A. a rapid heart beat causes a decrease in the strength of cardiac contractions

B. as the ehart rate increases, more blood is pumped from the ventricles that the atria

C. there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely

D. the volume of blood that returns to the heart is not sufficient with fast heart rates

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

A. right atrium

B. left atrium

C. right ventricle

D. left ventricle

_________ allows a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source.

A. repitition

B. reactivity

C. Automaticity

D. Autonomy

The aorta recieves its blood supply from the:

A. right atrium

B. left atrium

C. right ventricle

D. left ventricle

Blood enters the right atrium from the body through the:

A. vena ceva

B. aorta

C. pulmonary artery

D. pulmonary vein

The only vein(s) in the body that carry oxygenated blood is/are the:

A. external jugular veins

B. pulmonary veins

C. subclavian veins

D.inferior vena cava

Normal electrical impulses originate in the sinus node, just about the:

A. atria

B. ventricles

C. AV junctions

D. bundle of His

Dilation of the coronary arteries ___________ blood flow:

A. shuts off

B. increases

C. decreases

D. regulates

The ___________ are tiny blood vessels that are approximately one cell thick.

A. arterioles

B. venules

C. capillaries

D. ventricles

_________ carry oxygen to the body's tissues and then remove carbon dioxide.

A. Red blood cells

B. White blood cells

C. Platelets

D. Veins

__________ is the maximum pressure exerted by the left ventricle as it contracts

A. Cardiac output

B. Diastolic blood pressure

C. Systolic blood pressure

D. Stroke volume

Atherosclerosis can lead to a complete ________ of a cornary artery.

A. occlusion

B. distintegration

C. dilation

D. contraction

The lumen of an artery may be partially or completely blocked by the blood-clotting system due to a _________ that exposes the inside of the atherosclerotic wall.

A. tear

B. crack

C. clot

D. rupture

Tissues downstream from a blood clot will suffer from lack of oxygen. If blood is resumed in a short time, the ___________ tissues will recover.

A. dead

B. ischemic

C. necrosed

D. dry

Risk factors for myocardial infraction include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. male gender

B. high blood pressure

C. stress

D. increased activity level

When, for a brief period of time, heart tissues fo not get enough oxygen, the pain is called:

A. AMI

B. angina

C. ischemia

D. CAD

Angina pain may be felt in the:

A. epigastrium 

B. legs

C. lower back

D. lower abdomen

The underlying cause of a dissecting aortic aneurysm is:

A. controlled hypertension

B. uncontrolled hypertension

C. malignant hypertension

D. benign hypertension

Because the oxygen supply to the ehart is diminished with angina, the __________ can become compromised, putting the person at rick for signicant cardiac rhythm problems.

A. circulation

B. cardiac output

C. electrical system

D. vasculature

About ___________ minutes after blood flow is cut off, come heart muscle cells begin to die.

A. 10

B. 20

C. 30

D. 40

An acute myocardial infarction is more likely to occur in the larger, thick-walled left ventricle, which needs more ____________ that the right ventricle.

A. oxygen and glucose

B. force to pump

C. blood and oxygen

D. electrical supply

Which of the following statements regarding CHF is FALSE?

A. Stridor is a common lung sound heard on exam

B. it can be caused by diseased heart valves

C. it can be treated with nitroglycerin

D. ankle edema is a common finding

Cardiogenic shock can occur within 24 hours of a(n):

A. hypertensive emergency

B. acute myocardial infarction

C. aortic aneurysm

D. unstable angina attack

Disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles is known as:

A. ventricular fibrillation

B. asystole

C.ventricular stand still

D. ventricular tachycardia 

Which of the following is NOT a cause of congestive heart failure?

A. Chronic hypotension

B. Heart valve damage

C. A myocardial infarction

D. Longstanding high blood pressure

Sudden death is usually the result of ___________, in which the heart fails to generate an effective blood flow.

A. AMI

B. athrosclerosis

C. PVCs

D. cardiac arrest

Signs and symptoms of shock include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. elevated heart rate

B. pale, clammy skin

C. air hunger

D. elevated blood pressure

Which of the following changes in heart functions occur in patients with CHF?

A. A decrease heart rate

B. Enlargement of the left ventricle

C. Enlargement of the right ventricle

D. A decrease in blood pressure

Physical findings of AMI include skin that is ___________ because of poor cardiac output and the loss of perfusion.

A. pink

B. white

C. gray

D. red

All patient assessments begin by determining whether the patient:

A. is breathing

B. can talk

C. is responsive

D. has a pulse

To assess chest pain, use the mnemonic:

A. AVPU

B. OPQRST

C. SAMPLE

D. CHART

When using the mnemonic OPQRST, the "P" stands for:

A. parasthesia

B. pain

C. provocation

D. presdisposing factors

In addition to angina and mycardial infarction, nitroglycerin can be used to treat:

A. congestive heart failure

B. cardiogenic shock

C. aortic aneurysm

D. hypertensive emergency

When administering nitroglycerin to a patient, you should make sure the patient has not taken any medications for _____________ in the last 24 hours.

A. angina

B. erectile dysfunction

C. migraine headaches

D. gallbladder dysfunction

In general, a maximum of _________ dose(s) of nitroglycerin is/are given for any one episode of chest pain.

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

__________ are inserted when the electrical-conrol system of the heart is so damaged that it cannot function properly.

A. Stents

B. Pacemakers

C. Baloon angioplasties

D. Defibrillations

When the battery wears out in a pacemaker, the patient may experience:

A. syncope

B. chest pain

C. nausea

D. tachycardia

The computer inside the AED is specifically programmed to recognize rhythms that require defibrillation to correct, most commonly:

A. asystole

B. ventricular tachycardia

C. ventricular fibrillation

D. supraventricular tachycardia

The AED should be applied only to unresponsive patients with no:

A. significant medical problems

B. cardiac history

C. pulse

D. brain activity

C. pulse

____________ usually refers to a state of cardiac arrest despite an organized electrical complex.

A. Asystole

B. Pulseless electrical activity

C. Ventricular Fibrillation

D. Ventricular tachycardia

The links in the chain of survival include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. early access and CPR

B. early ACLS

C. early administration of nitroglycerin

D. early defibrillation

Defibrillation works best if it takes place within _________ minutes of the onset of cardiac arrest.

A. 2

B. 4

C. 6

D. 10

True or False

The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body.

True or False

In the normal heart, the need for increased blood flow to the myocardium is easily met by an increase in heart rate.

True or False

Atherosclerosis results in narrowing of the lumen of coronary arteries.

True or False

Infarction is a temporary interruption of the blood supply to the tissues.

True or False

Angina can result from a spasm of the artery.

True or False

The pain of angina and the pain of AMI are easily distingiushable.

True or False

Nitroglycerin works in most patients within 5 minutes to relieve the pain of AMI.

True or False

If an AED malfunctions during use, you must report that problem to the manufacturer and the Department of Human Resources.

True or False

Angina occurs when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds its supply.

True or False

White blood cells are the most numerous cells in the blood and help the blood to clot.

True or False

Cardiac arrest in younger children is less common than in older children and is usually caused by a breathing problem.

True or False

An AED with special pediatric pads may be used on pediatric medical patients between the ages of 1 month and 8 years who have been assessed to be unresponsive, not breathing, and pulseless.

True or False

Dissecting aortic aneurysms are rarely considered life threatening.

True or False

Heart disease is the number one killer of women in the United States.

True or False

If a patient complaining of chest pain has a history of a previous AMI, you should ask if this pain feels similar to the previous AMI.

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The heart is divided down the middle by a wall called the ______________.

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The _____________ is the body's main artery.

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The ____________ ventricle pumps blood in through the pulmonary circulation.

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Electrical impulses spread from the ____________ node to the ventricles.

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Blood supply to the heart is increased by _________ of the coronary arteries.

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__________ __________ cells remove carbon dioxide from the body's tissues.

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_____________ blood pressure reflects the pressure on the wealls of the arteries when the ventricle is at rest.

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The heart has _______ chambers.

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The ___________ side of the heart is more muscular because it must pump blood into the aorta and all the other arteries of the body.

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____________ is the most effective way to assist a person with CHF to breathe effectively and to prevent an invasive airway management technique.

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The collection of fluid in the part of the body that is closest to the ground is called ______ _______.

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A hypertensive emergency usually occurs only with a systolic pressure greater than ________. 

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In CHF, blood tends to back up in the _______ ________,

increasing the pressure in the capillaries of the lungs.

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A late finding if cardiogenic shock would be a systolic blood pressure of less than __________.

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Damage to the __________ area of the heart often presents with bradycardia.