Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the cause of a disease |
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Definition
| The development of disease |
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| Colonization of the body by pathogens |
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Definition
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| An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning properly |
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Definition
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Definition
| May be present on the host for days, weeks, or months |
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Definition
| Bacteria permanently colonizing on the host |
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Definition
The relationship between normal microbiota and the host |
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Definition
When one organism is benefited and the other is unaffected |
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Term
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Definition
| When both organisms benefit |
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Term
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Definition
| When one organism is benefited at the expense of the other |
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Term
| What is an example of mutualism? |
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Definition
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Term
TRUE OR FALSE? Some normal microbiota are opportunistic pathogens |
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Definition
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Term
Name some locations of normal microbiota on and in the human body |
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Definition
eyes Mouth Nose + Throat Skin Large Intestine Urinary + Repro system |
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Term
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Definition
| A competition between microbes. It makes it harder for an invading pathogen to take over because there are other microbes already living on the host. |
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| How does normal microbiota protect the host? |
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Definition
1) Occupying niches that pathogens might occupy 2) Producing acids 3) Producing bacteriocins |
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Term
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Definition
They are live microbes applied to or ingested into the body intended to exert a beneficial effect. |
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Term
What is Koch's postulate? |
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Definition
| It was used to prove the cause of an infectious disease |
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Term
| A change in body function that is felt by a patient as a result of disease |
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Definition
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Term
| A change in a body that can be measured or observed as a result of disease |
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Definition
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Term
| A specific group of signs and symptoms that accompany a disease |
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Definition
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Term
| A disease that can be spread from one host to another |
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Definition
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Term
| A disease that is EASILY spread from one host to another |
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Definition
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Term
| A disease that is not transmitted from one host to another |
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Definition
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Term
| Fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a specific time |
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Definition
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Term
| Fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time |
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Definition
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Term
| Disease that occurs occasionally in a population |
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Definition
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| Disease constantly present in a population |
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Definition
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Term
| Disease acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| immunity in most of a population |
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Definition
| Herd immunity which means if everyone is immune in a population but a few ..the few who are not immune are protected by those who are immune because they can't get sick. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| symptoms between acute and chronic |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease with a period of no symptoms when the patient is inactive |
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Term
What is a local infection? |
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Definition
| Pathogens are limited to a small area of the body such as a ring worm. |
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Term
| What is a systemic infection? |
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Definition
An infection throughout the body |
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Term
| What is a focal infection? |
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Definition
| Systemic infection that began as a local infection |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Growth of bacteria in blood |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is a primary infection? |
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Definition
| An acute infection that causes the INITIAL illness |
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Term
| What is a secondary infection? |
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Definition
| An opportunistic infection after a primary infection |
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Term
| What is a subclinical disease? |
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Definition
No noticeable signs or symptoms (inapparent infection) |
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Term
| What are some predisposing factors that make the body more susceptible to diseas? |
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Definition
Short urethra in females inherited traits. Ex. Sickle Cell anemia Climate and weather Fatigue Age Lifestyle Chemotherapy |
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Term
| what are the stages of disease? |
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Definition
Incubation period Prodromal period Illness period Decline period convalescence period (healing) |
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Term
What are 3 reservoirs of infection? |
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Definition
1) Human. Ex. Aids 2) Animal. Ex. Rabies 3) Nonliving Ex. tetanus |
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Term
| Type of transmission of disease that requires close association between infected and susceptible host |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of transmission of disease that spread by means of fomites (inanimate objects that carry disease) |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of transmission of disease that transmit via airborne droplets such as sneezing |
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Definition
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Term
| Transmission by an inanimate reservoir |
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Definition
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Term
Transmission of disease through arthropods, especially fleas, ticks, and mosquitos |
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Definition
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Term
Type of transmission of disease where an arthropod carries pathogen on feet |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of transmission of disease where a pathogen reproduces in a vector |
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Definition
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Term
| What are nosocomial infections? |
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Definition
| They are acquired as a result of hospital stay |
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Term
| What percentage of patients in the hospital get a nosocomial infection? |
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Definition
| 5 - 15 % acquire nosocomial infection |
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Term
| What is the largest number of nosocomial infections in the hospital? |
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Definition
| Urinary tract infections because of catheters being put on incorrectly |
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Term
| What is the 2nd largest nosocomial infection in the hospital? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of nosocomial infection has a high resistence to antibiotics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are contributing factors to why there are new emerginc infectious disease? |
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Definition
1) genetic recombination 2) evolution of new strains 3) inappropriate use of antibiotics & pesticides 4) Changes in weather patterns 5) Modern Transportation 6) Ecological diseaser 7) Animal controal measures 8) Public health failure |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of where and when diseases occur? |
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Term
| Who mapped the occurance of cholera in London in 1848? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who showed that hand washing decreased the incidenced of puerperal fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who showed that improved sanitation decreased the incidence of epidemic typhus |
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Definition
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Term
| Incidence of a specific notifiable disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Deaths from notifiable disease |
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Definition
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Term
Number of people affected in relation to the total population in a given time period |
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Definition
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Term
Number of deaths from a disease in relation to the population in a given time |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the centers for diesease control and prevention (CDC)? |
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Definition
They collect and analyze epidemiological information in the United States |
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