Term
| What is the brain composed of? |
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Definition
-Medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain
*Vital Centers (Cardiovascular, and respiratory)
*Swallowing, vomiting, sneezing. |
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Term
| What is the Cerebrum and what is its function? |
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Definition
-Second largest part of the brain
-Balance |
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Term
| What is the Diencephalon and what is its function? |
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Definition
-Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and epithalamus
Functions:
*Relay Center
*Behavior
*Hormones
*Controls the ANS |
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Term
| What is the Cerebrum and what is its function? |
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Definition
-Largest part of the brain
*Conscience thought |
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Term
| What are the protective coverings of the Brain? |
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Definition
- The cranium
-The cranial meninges
(superficial to deep)
*Dura matter (2 layers within the brain, extensions in brain to separate hemispheres)
* Arachnoid matter
*Pia matter |
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Term
| What are the three extension that the Dura matter is composed of? |
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Definition
1. Falx cerebri (of cerebrum)
-Separate the two cerebral hemispheres.
2. Falx cerebelli (of cerebrum)
- Separate the two cerebellar hemispheres.
3.Tentorium cerebelli
-Seperates cerebrum from cerebellum |
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Term
| How much blood does the brain supply? |
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Definition
| 20% of the total blood supply |
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Term
| What aids blood supply in the brain? |
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Definition
-Internal carotid and vertebral arteries
-Internal jugular veins
-Blood-brain barrier |
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Term
| How do the internal carotid and vertebral arteries and internal jugular veins aid in blood supply? |
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Definition
| Blood flow to and from the brain |
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Term
| What does the blood-brain barrier do and how? |
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Definition
-Protects the brain from harmful substances.
*Astrocytes secrete chemicals to make selective permeability. |
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Term
| What does Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) look like? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is cerebral spinal fluid composed of? |
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Definition
- water
- Plasma, liquid portion of blood |
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Term
| Where does CSF circulate? |
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Definition
Through cavities in the brain:
-Ventricles
-Spinal cord (central cannal) |
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Term
| What is the function of CSF? |
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Definition
-Absorbs shock and protects the brain and spinal cord.
-Helps transport nutrients and waste from the blood and nervous tissue. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CSF-filled cavities within the brain |
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Term
| What are the four ventricles in the brain? |
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Definition
- Lateral ventricles
*(2) cerebral hemispheres
-Third Ventricle
*diencephalon
-Cerebral aqueduct
*Midbrain
-Fourth ventricle
*brain stem and the cerebellum |
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Term
| What is the choroid plexuses? |
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Definition
| Network of capillaries in the wall of the ventricles |
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Term
| What are ventricles lined by? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is CSF formed in the ventricles? |
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Definition
| Plasma is drawn from the choroid plexuses through epedymal cells into the ventricles to form CSF. |
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Term
|
Definition
-CSF from the lateral ventricles -> -interventricular foramina ->
-third ventricle ->
-cerebral aqueduct ->
-fourth ventricle ->
-Subarachnoid space or central vesticle
*** CSF if then reabsorbed into the blood by arachnoid villi |
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Term
| How many pairs of cranial nerves are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of cranial nerves are there? |
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Definition
| -Sensory, motor, and mixed |
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Term
| What type of nerve is the olfactory(I) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the olfactory (I) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is the olfactory (I) nerve made? |
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Definition
| Converged olfactory cells |
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Term
| What type of nerve is the optic (II) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the optic (II) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is the optic (II) nerve formed? |
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Definition
| Ganglion cells in the retina of each eye join to form an optic nerve. |
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Term
| What type of nerve is the oculomotor(III) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the oculomotor (III) nerve? |
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Definition
| Supply extrinsic eye muscles to control the movement of the eyeball and upper eyelid. |
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Term
| Where does the oculomotor (III) nerve originate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What type of nerve is the trochlear (IV) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where does the trochlear (IV) nerve originate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the trochlear (IV) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the largest cranial nerve? |
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Definition
| The trigiminal (V) nerve. |
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Term
| What type of nerve is the trigiminal (V) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the three branches of the trigiminal nerve? |
|
Definition
-Opthalmic
-Maxillary
-Mandibular
*Deal with sensation of touch, pain, and temperature |
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Term
| What is the function of the trigiminal nerve? |
|
Definition
| Motor axons supply muscles of mastification (jaw movement) |
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Term
| What type of nerve is the abducens (VI) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where does the abducens (VI) nerve originate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the abducens (VI) nerve? |
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Definition
| Caused abduction of the eyeball (lateral movement) |
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Term
| What type of nerve is the facial (VII) nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the sensory portion of the facial (VII) nerve extend from? |
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Definition
| From the taste buds of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. |
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Term
| Where does the motor portion of the facial (VOI) nerve arise from? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the facial (VI) nerve? |
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Definition
| Deals with facial expression. |
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Term
| What type of nerve is the vestibulochoclear (VOII) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where does the vestibulochoclear (VIII) nerve originate from? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the vestibular branch of the vestibulochoclear (VIII) nerve do? |
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Definition
| Carries impulses for equilibrium. |
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Term
| What does the choclear brach of the vestibulochoclear (VIII) nerve do? |
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Definition
| Carrie impulses for hearing. |
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Term
| What type of nerve is the Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What do the sensory axons of the glossopheryngeal (XI) nerve do? |
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Definition
| Carry signals from the taste buds of the posterior one-third of the tongue. |
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Term
| What do the motor neurons of the glossopheryngeal (XI) nerve do? |
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Definition
| Arise from the medulla and deal with the release of saliva. |
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Term
| What type of nerve is the vagus (X) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where is the vagus (X) nerve distributed? |
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Definition
| From the head and neck into the thorax and abdomen. |
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Term
| What do the sensory neurons of the vagus (X) nerve deal with? |
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Definition
| A variety of sensations such as proprioception and stretching. |
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Term
| Where do the motor neurons of the vagus (X) nerve arise from and what are there function? |
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Definition
-Arise from the medulla
-Supply muscles of the pharynx, larynx, and soft palate that are involved in swallowing and vocalization. |
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Term
| What type of nerve is the accessory (XI) nerve? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What types of nerves is the accessory (XI) nerve divided into? |
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Definition
| Cranial accessory and spinal accessort nerves. |
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Term
| What is the function of the accessory (XI) nerve? |
|
Definition
| Supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles to coordinate head movements. |
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Term
| What types of nerve is the hypoglossal (XII) nerve? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve? |
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Definition
| Conducts nerve impulses for speech and swallowing. |
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