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| *The land bridge that connected Asia and North America during the Ice Age. *It allowed people from Asia to migrate to North America. |
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| *Nomadic tribes that hunted animals and gathered plants for food. |
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| *Clovis blade used widely in North America. *Powerful new and more sophisticated technology, unlike anything found in the archaeology of the Old World. *Mobile peoples in communities of 30-50 from several interrelated families. *Returned to same hunting camps year after year. *10 tents in semi-circle, doors open south. |
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| *Way of life based on the pursuit of small game and intensified foraging for plant foods. |
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| *Desert Culture with stron emphasis on community. *Sharing and giving, condemn hoarding, limit accumulation, social equality. |
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| *City in the Walley of Mexico in 100BC. *Population of 200,000 at height in 500AD. *Elite class of religious and political leaders who controlled state-sponsored trade. *Highly specialized division of labor. |
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| *Dominated cetral Mexico from 10th to 12th century. |
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| *14th century. *Migrants from the North that settled in the Valley of Mexico and began a dramatic expansion into a formicable imperial power. |
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| *Peoples of the Yucatan peninsula that developed a group of competing city-states that flourished from about 300BC until about 900AD. *Achievements of the Mayans included Mesoamerica's most advanced writing and calendrical systems and a sophisticated knowledge of mathematics that included the concept of zero. |
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| *Most important permanent village in the floodplain of the Mississippi River where master maize farmers lived. *Dense urban center with temple, residential, and farmlands. *Division of labor. |
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| *Best-known farming culture of the Southwest. *Began a shift from pit-house villages to densely populated, multistoried apartment complexes called pueblos. *Central plaza with kivas. *Used terraced fields irrigeated by canals. |
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| *Got architecture, farming techniques, and religious practices from the Anasazi. *Several languages, but strong commitment to community. *Near Rio Grande River. *Strict communal code of behavior, clans. *Societies formed governing system. *Seasonal public ceremonies. |
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| *Mississippi and Alabama. *Resisted conquest. *Cofederacy with several dozen towns. |
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| *Western Tennessee. *Resisted conquest. *Cofederacy with several dozen towns. |
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| *Georgia. *Resisted conquest. *Cofederacy with several dozen towns. |
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| *Lived on the mountain plateaus and made up the single largest confederacy, of more than sixty towns. |
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| *Ontario and upstate New York. *Among the first northeastern peoples to adopt cultivation. *Five chiefdoms: Mohawks, Oneida, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. *Believe that they founded confederacy to control violence. *Powerful contenders in European-Indian conflict. *Extended family live in longhouse. *Matrilineal *Spoke Iroquoian. |
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| *Other major language group of the Northeast. *Speakers belonged to at least fifty distinct cultures. *Patrilineal. *Less extensive dwellings and in smaller villages and oftem without fortification. *Hunters and foragers in bands with loose ethnic affiliations. *Micmacs, Crees, Montagnais, and Ojibwas(Chippewas) *Realatively autonomous from one another, but formed confederacies in 15th and 16th centuries. |
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