Psychopathology:

sickness or disorder of the mind; psychological disorder

Assessment:

examination of a person’s cognitive, behavioral, or emotional functioning to diagnose possible psychological disorders. This process often includes self-reports, psychological testing, observations, and interviews. It may also involve neuropsychological testing.

diathesis-stress model

a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event.

Anxiety disorders:

psychological disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in the absence of true danger, continually arousing the autonomic nervous system, chronic anxiety also causes bodily symptoms such as sweating, dry mouth, rapid pulse, shallow breathing, increased blood pressure, and increased muscular tension.

Generalized anxiety disorder:

a diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event. People with this disorder are constantly anxious and worry incessantly about even minor matters. Hypervigilance results in distractibility, fatigue, irritability, and sleep problems, as well as headaches, restlessness, light headedness and muscle pain

Social anxiety:

is a fear of being negatively evaluated by others

Major depression:

a disorder characterized by sever negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities, lasts for months or years.

Persistent depressive disorder:

a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depressive disorder, sometimes called dysthymia.

Bipolar disorder:

a mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania

Bipolar 1 :

characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes and frequently, depressive episodes as well

Bipolar 2

characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods

Mania:

an elevated mood that can vary in degree and is accompanied by major shifts in energy level and physical activity.

Manic episodes:

characterized by elevated mood, increased activity, diminished need for sleep, grandiose ideas, racing thoughts, extreme distractibility, and excessive involvement in pleasurable but foolish activities, last at least on week.

Schizophrenia

a disorder characterized by alterations in thoughts, perceptions, or in consciousness, resulting in psychosis. The 5 symptoms are Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms.

Positive symptoms:

excesses in functioning such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech or behavior.

Negative symptoms:

deficits in functioning such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed, speech and movement.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): 

a disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive action

Obsessions:

recurrent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts or ideas or mental images that increase anxiety, often include fear of contamination, of accidents, or of one’s own aggression.

Compulsions

particular acts that the OCD patient feels driven to perform over and over that reduce anxiety. The most compulsive behaviors are cleaning, checking, and counting.

Anorexia nervosa:

an eating disorder characterized by excessive ear of becoming fat and therefore restricting energy intake to obtain a significantly low body weight.

Bulimia nervosa:

an eating disorder characterized by the alteration of dieting, binge eating, and purging.

Binge-eating disorder:

characterized by binge eating that causes significant distress.

Addiction:

a behavioral disorder where use of a substance continues despite negative consequences and a desire to quit.

borderline personality disorder:

a personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity in affect and in impulse control. Often associated with interpersonal trauma in childhood. Some say it may be a form of PTSD instead of personality disorder.

Cluster A: 

odd or eccentric behavior, includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders.

Cluster B:

dramatic, emotional or erratic behavior, includes histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, and antisocial personality disorders.

Cluster C:

anxious or fearful behavior, includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive personality disorders.

Autism spectrum disorder:

a developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, by impaired communication and by restricted interests. There is said to be a genetic component to autism, or a prenatal/ earlychildhood event may result in brain dysfunction.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD):

characterized by restlessness, inattentiveness and impulsivity. Has a genetic cause