Term
| For Gregor Mendel's studies of inheritance, why was the pea plant a good model organism for his experiments? |
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Definition
| Individual pea plants differed in easily recognizable traits, and he could control which parents were involved in mating |
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Term
| Explain how the pea plant can be controlled so that the researcher can allow the plant to self-pollinate or force it to undergo cross-pollination |
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Definition
| Mendel could prevent self-fertilization by removing the male reproductive organs from a flower before any pollen formed. Later he could transfer pollen from another pea plant to the target flower's female reproductive organ with a brush |
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Term
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Definition
| a particular form of a gene; the two alleles in a diploid may be the same or different |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals of the same phenotype that, when crossed, always produce offspring with the same phenotype; these individuals are homozygous for the gene in question |
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Definition
| an allele that produces its phenotype only in homozygous form; phenotype "recedes" or disappears in heterozygous individuals; symbolized by a lower case letter |
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Term
| Homozygous dominant genotype |
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Definition
| having two of the same dominant alleles; symbolized by two capital letters |
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Term
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Definition
| having two different alleles; symbolized by a capital letter and a lowercase letter |
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Term
| Homozygous recessive genotype |
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Definition
| having two of the same recessive alleles; symbolized by two lowercase letters |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| second generation (kids' kids) |
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Term
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Definition
-pairs of alleles are separated during meiosis in the formation of gametes
-explained by meiosis by the two members of a parent's gene pair segregate into different gametes because homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis I |
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Term
| Principle of Independent Assortment |
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Definition
-the genes for seed shape and seed color assort independently, because they are located on different chromosomes
-explained by meiosis by the genes for different traits assort independently because non-homologous chromosomes assort independently during meiosis |
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Term
| A man and a woman have three children: two girls and one boy. The couple decides to have a fourth child. What is the probability that their fourth child will be a girl? |
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Definition
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Term
| A couple doesn't have any children; however, they plan to have three children someday. What is the probability that all three of their future children will be boys? |
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Definition
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Term
| Autosomal Recessive Inheritance Examples |
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Definition
-sickle cell disease
-phenylketonuria (PKU)
-maple syrup urine disease |
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Term
| Autosomal Dominant Inheritance Examples |
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Definition
-Huntington's disease
-Marfan syndrome |
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Term
| X-linked Recessive Inheritance Examples |
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Definition
-Red-green color blindness
-Hemophilia
-Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) |
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Term
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Definition
| heterozygotes have intermediate phenotypes |
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Term
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Definition
| heterozygotes have phenotype of both alleles |
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Term
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Definition
having two or more genes combine to determine a single phenotype
-ex: fruit color in bell peppers; coat color in labs |
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Definition
| when one gene masks the expression of the other |
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Term
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Definition
when one gene controls many traits
ex: Marfan syndrome |
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Term
| T/F: An individual's phenotype is often much a product of the environment as it is a product of the genotype |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Core temperature of the body DOES NOT determine if the pigment is made in cat coat color |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the allele for wrinkled seed shape in garden peas considered recessive? |
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Definition
| The trait associated with the allele is not expressed in heterozygotes |
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Term
| The alleles found in haploid organisms cannot be dominant or recessive. Why? |
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Definition
| Dominance and recessiveness describe in which allele is expressed in phenotype when different alleles occur in the same individual |
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Term
| Why can you infer that individuals that are "pure line" are homozygous for the gene in question? |
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Definition
| Because no other phenotype is ever observed in a pure-line population, this implies that only one allele is present |
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Term
| The artificial sweetner NutraSweet consists of a phenylalanine molecule linked to aspartic acid. The labels of diet sodas that contain NutraSweet include a warning to people with PKU? Why? |
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Definition
| People with PKU have to avoid phenylalanine in their diet |
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