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A central molecule in metabolism used to transfer acyl groups in acyl transfer reactions.
Contains a thioester functional group |
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| The study of energy transfer in reactions occurring in living cells. |
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The combustion of carbs, proteins, and triglycerides to produce energy in the form of ATP.
Requires energy. |
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| A measure of the change in the degree of randomness or disorder in a reaction or physical change. |
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| An important catabolic cycle that occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. Acetyl CoA is converted into two molecules of CO2 and coenzyme A. Three molecules of NADH and one FADH2 are formed from three NAD+ and one FAD. |
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| Large enzyme complexes in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where the oxidation-reduction reactions of the electron-transport chain occur. |
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| When an endergonic reaction occurs together with an exergonic reaction so that both reactions will be spontaneous. |
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| A reaction in which carbon dioxide is expelled from the reactant. |
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| A series of protein complexes that successively carry electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen in the last stage of catabolism. As electrons move through the electron-transport chain, protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space, creating a protein gradient. |
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| A nonspontaneous reaction with a positive value for the change in free energy, ^G > 0. |
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| A spontaneous reaction with a negative value for the change in free energy, ^G < 0. |
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| the energy available to do work. ^G = ^H - (T^S). A positive free energy is indicative of a nonspontaneous reaction, and a negative free energy is indicative of a spontaneous reaction. |
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| A selectively permeable membrane that separates the matrix from the intermembrane space in a mitochondrion. |
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Definition
| Inner mitochondrial membrane |
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| The aqueous region of a mitochondrion located between the outer membrane, and the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has a higher proton concentration than the matrix. |
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| The aqueous region in the center of a mitochondrion, bounded by the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is the region where the citric acid cycle, B-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation occur. |
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| Organelles within the cell where energy is produced: B-oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. |
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| A reaction or physical change that requires the continual supply of energy in order to proceed; ^G > 0. |
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| The outer semipermeable membrane of a mitochondrion-it encloses and defines the mitochondrion. |
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| The final stage of catabolism wherein the electrons from NADH and FADH2 move through the electron transport chain, while simultaneously pumping protons across the inner membrane to the intermembrane space, creating a proton gradient. ATP synthase allows protons to flow back into the matrix, releasing the energy to drive phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. |
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Definition
| Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
| A difference in proton concentration between regions. In a mitochondrion there is a proton gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix. |
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| The potential energy produced as a result of a protein gradient established between the matrix and the intermembrane space that is used to drive the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. |
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| A reaction that continues on its own once started, without the continuous supply of energy; ^G < 0. |
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