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Chapter 14
Theories of Personality
34
Psychology
12th Grade
11/25/2009

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Term
personality
Definition
A person's broad, long-lasting patterns of behavior.
Term
psychoanalysis
Definition
A theory that personality is based on impulses and needs in the uncounscious.
Term
unconscious
Definition
According to psychoanalytic belief, the psychological part of us that contains childhood conflicts we are unaware of but that continue to control our behavior.
Term
free association
Definition
Freudian process in which the person says everything that appears in the mind, even if the ideas or images seem unconnected.
Term
repression
Definition
The process of pushing the needs and desires that cause guilt into the uncounscious.
Term
libido
Definition
Freudian term for internal energy forces that continuously seek discharge.
Term
id
Definition
Freudian psychological unit containing our basic needs and drives.
Term
superego
Definition
Freudian psychological unit roughly synonymous with the conscience.
Term
ego
Definition
The "self" that allows controlled id expression within the boundaries of the superego.
Term
oral stage
Definition
Freudian stage of development during which feeding and wearing are the child's main issues.
Term
anal stage
Definition
Freudian stage of development during which toilet training is the child's major concern.
Term
phallic stage
Definition
Freudian stage of development during which the child experiences romantic interest in the opposite-sex parent and hostility toward the same-sex parent.
Term
latency stage
Definition
Freudian stage of development during which the child's earlier conflicts are hidden or go below the surface.
Term
genital stage
Definition
Freudian stage of development during which the individual seeks an appropriate marital partner and earlier conflicts appear.
Term
archetype
Definition
Jung's term for inherited universal human concepts.
Term
Carl Jung
Definition
A friend and follower of Freud, the two later had a very odd fight.
Term
collective unconscious
Definition
Jung's term for the portion of a person that contains ideas (such as hero, mother, and so on) shared by the whole human race.
Term
persona
Definition
Jung's term for a "mask" people wear to hide what they really are or feel.
Term
neo-Freudians
Definition
Those psychoanalysts who broke away from Freud to emphasize social forces in the unconscious.
Term
Freud's Stages of Development (list them)
Definition
Oral Stage -> Anal Stage -> Phallic Stage -> Latency Stage -> Genital Stage
Term
Karen Horney
Definition
Outspoken about breaking with Freud's ideas. She strongly disagreed with his focus on biological drives. She felt that dealing with impulses from an id was less important for personality than coping with the stress of social needs.
Term
Alfred Alder
Definition
This psychoanalytic also had problems with the heavy emphasis on biological needs. He believed that social interaction was the key to proper development. He said that one of the biffest problmems people face is trying to feel important and worthwhile around others.
Term
neo-Freudians
Definition
Those psychoanalysts who broke away from Freud to emphasize social forces in the unconscious.
Term
Erik Erikson
Definition
This psychoanalyst broke life up into 8 stages, with social forces being the most important.
Term
Erik Erikson's 8 stages
Definition
Trust/Mistrust -> Autonomu/Shame -> Initiative/Guilt -> Industry/Inferiority -> Identity/Identity Confusion -> Intimacy/Isolation -> Generativity/Stagnation -> Ego Integrity/Ego Despair
Term
Behaviorism
Definition
A personality theory that focuses on overt acts or behaviors reather than on consciousness or unconsciousness.
Term
Behaviorists
Definition
John B. Watson (Classic Conditioning) -> B.F. Skinner (Operant Conditioning) -> Albert Bandura (modeling)
Term
reinforcement
Definition
Events that strengthen a behavior by bringing the desired results.
Term
modeling
Definition
Bandura's term for learning by imitating others.
Term
humanism
Definition
(Carl Rogers - Abraham Maslow) A personality theory that places emphasis on the positive potential of the person.
Term
ideal self
Definition
Rogers's term for the goal of each person's development; perfection.
Term
fully functioning individual
Definition
Rogers's term for someone who has become what he or she should be.
Term
self-actualized
Definition
Maslow's term for the state of having brought to life the full potential of our skills.
Term
personality traits
Definition
The more or less permanent personality characteristice that an individual has.
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