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Chapter 14
Reproductive System
126
Medical
Professional
10/06/2010

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Term
androgens
Definition
hormones that promote the production of male gametes
Term
cervix
Definition
common term for the uterine cervix
Term
chromosome
Definition
a gene - bearing bundle of DNA gound in the nucleus of all cells
Term
embryo
Definition
name change from zygote after the first cell division until the eighth week of pregnancy
Term
epididymis
Definition
organ in which the male sperm become functional
Term
fallopian tubes
Definition
tubes between the ovaries and the uterus
Term
fertilization
Definition
the joining of the male and female gametes (in the context of the human reproductive system)
Term
fetus
Definition
name change from embryo after the eighth week of pregnancy to birth
Term
gamete
Definition
term given to both the female ovum and the male spermatozoon
Term
gestation
Definition
development that occurs between the formation of the zygote and the birth of the child
Term
gonad
Definition
gamete - generating organ (ovary or testes)
Term
gravida
Definition
a pregnant woman
Term
lactation
Definition
milk production
Term
mammary gland
Definition
breasts
Term
menarche
Definition
beginning of menses
Term
menopause
Definition
normal stopping of the monthly period of menses
Term
menses
Definition
end of one uterine cycle and the beginning of another
Term
menstrual cycle (uterine cycle)
Definition
part of the reproductive system process in women, comprising of three phases; secretory, proliferative, and menses
Term
mitosis
Definition
process of cell division by which one cell becomes two, both of which contain the maternal and paternal chromosomes
Term
ovary
Definition
small almond - shaped organ located on either side of the uterus
Term
ovulation
Definition
release of a mature ovum from the ovary
Term
ovum (ova)
Definition
the female gamete; ovum is singular; ova is plural
Term
para
Definition
a woman who has given birth to a viable fetus
Term
penis
Definition
male sex organ that transports the male sperm into the female vagina
Term
placenta
Definition
a spongy organ that is attached to the fetus by the umbilical cord and that provides nourishment to the fetus
Term
pregnancy
Definition
period of time when the fetus grows inside of the uterus
Term
progestins
Definition
female hormones generated in the ovaries
Term
prostate gland
Definition
male gland that produces and stores prostatic fluid, a fluid medium that is part of semen
Term
reproductive tract
Definition
in the male reproductive system, the ductwork leading from the epididymis to the outside of the body
Term
scrotum
Definition
the sac that encloses and protects the testicles
Term
semen
Definition
combination of male gametes, their associated glandular secretions, and prostatic fluid
Term
seminal vesicle
Definition
glands at the base of the urirnary bladder that secrete a thick substance that nourishes sperm
Term
sperm (spermatazoa & spermatazoon)
Definition
the male gamete; sperm is singular or plural; spermatazoon is singular; spermatazoa is plural
Term
spermatogenesis
Definition
production of sperm
Term
testes
Definition
the organs that produce and store the male gametes
Term
testosterone
Definition
the male reproductive hormone(androgen) prominent in male gamete production
Term
urethra
Definition
male ductwork that acts as part of both the male urinary and male reproductive systems
Term
uterine cervix
Definition
the "neck" located at the lower end of the uterus
Term
uterine cycle (menstrual cycle)
Definition
part of the reproduction system process in women; comprising three phases: secretory, proliferative, and menses
Term
uterine tubes
Definition
tubes between the ovaries and the uterus; also called fallopian tubes
Term
uterus
Definition
reproductive organ in which the fertilized oocyte is implanted and in which the child develops
Term
vas deferens
Definition
duct leading out of the epididymis; also called the ductus deferens)
Term
zygote
Definition
single cell formed at fertilization
Term
amenorrhea
Definition
absence of menstruation
Term
anorchism
Definition
congenital absence of one or both testes
Term
anteflexion
Definition
an exaggerated forward bend of the uterus
Term
anteversion
Definition
abnormal tipping forward of the entire uterus
Term
azoospermia
Definition
absence of sperm in the semen
Term
balanitis
Definition
inflammation of the glans penis
Term
BPH (benign prostatic hypertophy)
Definition
an enlarged,noncancerous prostate; prostatomegaly
Term
cervicitis
Definition
inflammation of the uterine cervix; also called trachelitis
Term
cryptorchism
Definition
undescended testicles or when one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum; also called cryptorchidism
Term
cystocele
Definition
protrusion of the bladder into the anterior wall of the fagina
Term
dysmenorrhea
Definition
painful menstration
Term
endometriosis
Definition
presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
Term
epididymitis
Definition
inflammation of the epididymis
Term
episapadias
Definition
congenital opening of the urethra on the top side of the penis
Term
gonorrhea
Definition
highly contagious sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria
Term
hydrocele
Definition
hernia filled with fluid in the testes
Term
hypospadias
Definition
congenital defect where the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis
Term
hysteralgia
Definition
pain in the uterus; also called hysterodynia
Term
hysterectomy
Definition
removal of the uterus
Term
hysteropathy
Definition
any disease of the uterus
Term
mastitis
Definition
inflammation of the breast
Term
menorrhagia
Definition
increased amount and duration of flow
Term
oligomenorrhea
Definition
markedly reduced menstrual flow along with abnormally frequent menstration
Term
oligospermia
Definition
low sperm count
Term
oophoritis
Definition
inflammation of an ovary
Term
orchialgia
Definition
pain in the testes
Term
orchiopathy
Definition
any disease of the testes
Term
orchitis
Definition
inflammation of the testis
Term
ovarialgia
Definition
pain in an ovary
Term
ovaritis
Definition
inflammaation of an ovary
Term
PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)
Definition
acute or chronic suppurative inflammation of female pelvic structures (endometrium, uterine tubes, pelvic peritoneum) due to infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, or other organism
Term
phimosis
Definition
narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it canno be retracted or pulled back to espose the glans penis
Term
prolapsed uterus
Definition
descent of the uterus or cervix into the vagina
Term
prostatitis
Definition
inflammation of the prostate
Term
rectocele
Definition
protrusion of the rectum into the posterior wall of the vagina
Term
retroflexion
Definition
abnormal tipping with body of the uterus bent back on itself
Term
retroversion
Definition
an abnormal tipping of the entire uterus backward
Term
salpingitis
Definition
inflammation of the uterine tube
Term
STD (sexually transmitted disease)
Definition
diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse or sexual contact (HIV, GC, syphilis, chlamydia)
Term
syphilis
Definition
a highly contagious sexually transmitted disease that is caused by a bacterium
Term
vaginitis
Definition
inflammation of the vaginal tissues that may be infectious or due to several other causes
Term
varicocele
Definition
a varicose vein of the testes
Term
gynecologist
Definition
a specialist of the female reproductive system
Term
gynecology
Definition
the study of the female reproducive system
Term
neonatology
Definition
the medical specialty dealing with newborns
Term
neonatologist
Definition
the medical specialist dealing with newborns
Term
obstetrician
Definition
a physician who specializes in the medical care of women during pregnancy and childbirth
Term
obstetrics
Definition
medical specialty concerned with the medical care of women during pregnancy and childbirth
Term
pediatrician
Definition
medical specialist of children
Term
pediatrics
Definition
medical specialty dealing with children
Term
amniocentesis
Definition
extraction and diagnostic examination of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac
Term
cervicectomy
Definition
excision of the uterin cervix
Term
cervicoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the uterine cervix OR the neck incision of the uterine cervix
Term
tracheotomy
Definition
an incision into the neck of the trachea
Term
trachelotomy
Definition
refers to the uterine cervix and is synonymous with cervicotomy
Term
cesarean section
Definition
surgical operation through the abdominal wall and uterus for delivery of the baby
Term
circumcision
Definition
a surgical procedure to remove the foreskin of the penis
Term
colposcopy
Definition
using an endoscopic instrument to examine the vagina and cervix
Term
D&C (dilation and curettage)
Definition
dilation of the cervix and curettage, which involves scraping the lining of the uterus
Term
hysterectomy
Definition
surgical removal of the uterus
Term
hysteropexy
Definition
surgical fixation of the uterus
Term
hysteroplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the uterus
Term
hysterotomy
Definition
incision of the uterus
Term
laparoscopy
Definition
direct visualization of the interior of the abdomen with the use of a laparoscope
Term
mammography
Definition
examination of the breast by means of an imaging technique, such as radiography
Term
mastectomy
Definition
removal of a breast
Term
oophorectomy
Definition
excision of an ovary; ovariectomy
Term
oophoroplasty
Definition
surgical repair of an ovary
Term
oophorotomy
Definition
incision into an ovary
Term
orchiectomy
Definition
removal of one or both testes
Term
orchioplasty
Definition
surgical repair of a testis
Term
orchiotomy
Definition
incision into a testis
Term
ovariectomy
Definition
excision of one or both ovaries
Term
ovariotomy
Definition
incision of an ovary
Term
Pap smear (Papanicolaou)
Definition
exfoliative biopsy or a scraping of the cervix to diagnose conditions of the cervis and surrounding tissues
Term
salpingo - oophorectomy
Definition
removal of an ovary and fallopian tube
Term
tubal ligation
Definition
surgical procedure performed for female sterilization where each fallopian tube is tied off or "ligated" to prevent the ovum from reaching the uterus
Term
TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate)
Definition
the removal of part or all of the prostate through the urethra
Term
uteropexy
Definition
surgical fixation of the uterus
Term
uteroplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the uterus
Term
uterotomy
Definition
incision of the uterus
Term
varicocelectomy
Definition
the removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to remove a varicocele
Term
vasovasostomy
Definition
procedure to restore fertility to a vasectomized male; reconnect the vas deferens
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