Term
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Definition
| The _______ is most closely associated with the cerebellum in embryonic developement and remains its primary souce of input fibers throughtout life. |
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Term
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Definition
| CN IX, X, XI and XII. cardiac and respiratory centers. Vital reflexive centers-coughing, sneezing, gagging, swallowing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rec'v infor from Frontal lobe (motor cortex) - propricetors. balance and equil. L/R Hemi connected by vermis. contains 50% of neurons in brain |
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Term
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Definition
| relay info from eyes & ears to cerebellum, allows tracking (eye) moving object, can dilate/constrict blood vessels, reg sleep, injury - coma. Regulate balance & posture. |
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Term
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Definition
| tectum (4 colliculi) roof of brain stem |
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Term
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Definition
| Diencephalon, sensory relay station, GM, surrounding 3rd vent, interconnected to limbic system -emotional & memory functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following does not receive any input from the eyes? |
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Term
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Definition
| If the telencephalon was removed from a 5 week old embryo, what would fail to develop in fetus? |
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Term
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Definition
Ascending/Descending tracts-pathway in/out cerebellum. CN V,VI, VII, VIII.
sleep, hearing, balance, taste, eye movements, facial expression and sensation, repiration, swallowing, bladder control and posture. |
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Term
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Definition
| The blood-CSF barrier is formed by _______. |
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Term
| Reticular activating system (question) |
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Definition
| While studying in a noisy cafeteria, you get sleepy and doze off for a few minutes. You awaken with a start and realize that all the cafeteria sounds have just "come back." While you were dozing, this auditory input was blocked from reaching your auditory cortex by_______________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Because of a brain lesion, a certain patient never feels full, but eats so excessively that she now weighs nearly 600lb. The lesion is most likely in her _______________. |
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Term
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Definition
| Damage to the ___________ nerve could result in defects of eye movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| All of the following except the _________nerve begin or end in the orbit. |
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Term
| Corpus Callosum (question) |
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Definition
| The right and left cerbral hemispheres are connected to each other by a thick C-shaped bundle of fibers called the _______. |
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Term
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Definition
| On a sagittal plane, the cerebellar white matter exhibits a branching pattern called the ____________. |
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Term
| Choroid plexuses (question) |
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Definition
| Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted partly by a mass of blood capillaries called the ___________ in each ventricle. |
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Term
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Definition
| The primary motor area of the cerebrum is the __________ gyrus of the frontal lobe. |
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Term
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Definition
| A lesion in which lobe of the cerebrum is most likely to cause a radical alteration of the personality? |
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Term
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Definition
| Areas of the cerbral cortex that identify or interpret sensory information are called__________. |
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Term
| Contralateral neglect syndrome |
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Definition
| Parietal lobe - don't recognize 1/2 of their faces - women only put make up on 1/2 face. |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporal lobe - inability to recognize faces |
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Term
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Definition
| Broca lesion- slow speech, diff in choosing words. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wernicke lesion- speech normal & excessive, but makes little sense. |
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Term
| Broca's area (description) |
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Definition
| generates motor program for action -larynx, tongue, cheeks & lips. (left hemisphere -frontal lobe) |
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Term
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Definition
| permits recognition of spoken & written language & creates plan of speech. lesion = inability to understand joke (angular gyrus processes)(left hemisphere - lower postcentral gyrus-temporal lobe) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Affective language area lesions produce________. |
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Term
| Descending corticospinal fibers |
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Definition
| The pyramids of the medulla oblongata contain _____________. |
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Term
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Definition
| The motor pattern for speech is generated in an area of cortex called the ________ and then transmitted to the primary motor cortex to be carried out. |
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Term
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Definition
| walls/floor of 3rd vent. Controls ANS, hormone secretion, theromo reg, satiety (hunger) circadian (sleep/wake) memory, emotional behavior |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sensory & integration of sensory information. |
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Term
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Definition
| hearing, smell, learning, memory, emotional behavior. (lesion may cause inability to recognize faces or objects) |
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Term
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Definition
| motor functions, areas for planning, mood, smell and social judgement (personality) |
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Term
Commissural tracts
(white matter) |
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Definition
| inside corpus callosum, cross from one hemisphere to the other. |
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Term
Association tracts
(white matter) |
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Definition
long tracks - lobe to lobe
short track - gyrus to gyrus
with in same hemisphere |
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Term
Projection tracts
(white matter) |
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Definition
| extend vertically from brain to spinal cord. ie: Corticospinal tract carries signals from cerebrum to brainstem. |
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Term
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Definition
| perform mental task, math, not part of sleep cycle. (14-30Hz) |
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Term
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Definition
| stage 1 of sleep, -awake, relaxing & resting eyes closed ((7-14Hz) |
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Term
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Definition
| stage 2 of sleep - easily aroused (13Hz) |
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Term
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Definition
stage 3 of sleep -(or emotinal stress) normal for children. BP, pulse and breathing rates drop. light sleep
(4-7Hz) |
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Term
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Definition
| stage 4 of sleep - deep sleep, difficult to arouse. (1-4Hz) |
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Term
EEG (process)
electroencephalography |
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Definition
| graphy - records voltage changes from postsynaptic potentials (process of doing it) |
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Term
EEG (machine)
echoencephalograph |
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Definition
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Term
EEG (recording)
electroencephalogram |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (S)- nasal cavity, cribiform plate, olfactory bulb, smell,(does not join brain stem) |
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Term
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Definition
| (S)- retina, optic nerve, optic foramen, optic chiasm, sight, (does not join brain stem) |
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Term
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Definition
| (M)- from brain to eye/midbrain, superior orbital fissure, eye and pupil, controls constriction of pupil, upper eyelid, ability to focus, (except Superior Oblique and Lateral Retus muscle) |
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Term
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Definition
| (M)- from brain to eye/midbrain, superior orbital fissure, eye, superior oblique muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| (MX-mainly S)- Pons, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, opthalmic (S), Maxillary (S), Mandibular (M), facial sensation, teeth and gums, mastication |
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Term
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Definition
| (M)- Pons, superior orbital fissure, eye, eye movement side to side, lateral rectus muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| (MX-mainly M)-Pons, internal acoustic meatus & stylomastoid, taste (S), Facial expression (M), smile, tears, Anterior 2/3 tongue, taste (saltly/sweet), salivary glands and facial expression |
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Term
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Definition
| (MX-mainly S)- Pons, internal acoustic meatus, cochlea (S), Inner ear (M), hearing and equilibrium |
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Term
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Definition
| (MX)- Medulla Oblongata, jugular foramen,taste (S), Speech (M), posterior 1/3 tongue, taste, speech, swallowing, gagging |
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Term
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Definition
| (MX)- Medulla Oblongata, jugular foramen, hunger (S), slows heart(M), taste, hunger/fullness, swallowing, slows heart rate, controls bowels, bronchoconstriction |
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Term
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Definition
| (M)- Medulla Oblongata, jugular foramen, head and shoulders, shrug shoulders, move head and neck, swallowing |
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Term
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Definition
| (M)- Medulla Oblongata, Hypoglossal canal, tongue movement, swallowing, speech |
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Term
| Basal ganglia (basal nucleus) |
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Definition
mass of GM deep to cerebral cortex, input from substantia nigra & motor cortex & sends signals back, motor (muscle)control (inhibition of tremors)
failure = Parkinson's Disease |
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Term
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Definition
| involved with math and reasoning skills, location of verbal thought process, Broca's area in most people, 91% of the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| loop of cortical structures - amygdala, hippocampus, fornix & cingulate gyrus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| contains 83% of brain volume |
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Term
|
Definition
| inabliltiy to recognize objects - lesion on temporal lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| Cerebral cortex, Basal Nuclei (ganglion) and limbic system |
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Term
|
Definition
| has receiving and association tracks |
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Term
| Amygdala and hypothalamus |
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Definition
| emotions/emotions form here |
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Term
|
Definition
| frontal lobe-intention to contract skeletal muscle begins here. |
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Term
| somatosensory (somatic)cortex |
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Definition
| next to somatosensory association area (postcentral gyrus) - thalamus relays signals to |
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Term
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Definition
| biological clock - circadian cycle (sleep/wake) |
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Term
| Circumventricular organs (CVO) |
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Definition
| in the 3rd & 4th ventricules breaks in the blood barrier - viruses can get in (ie: HIV)and invade brain |
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Term
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Definition
| layer covering surface of hemi. 2-3mm thick, 40% of mass of brain, contains 14-16 billion neurons. 2 types of neurons -stellate and Pyramidal cells |
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Term
| lateral genicutate nuclues |
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Definition
| important for vision-relays to the occipital lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| head turning reflex due to visual stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| head turning reflex due to auditory stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| on the Medulla Oblongata, sends output to cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| nonverbal hemisphere, holistically, imagination, insight, musical, artistic |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebral cortex neuron- dendrites in all directions -receives sensory input |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebral cortex neuron - output -synapase in deep regions of brain |
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Term
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Definition
| cerebellum- single layer in cortex - deep nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| master gland which controls other glands in endocrine |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of memories from past. nothing to do with procedural memory-ie:typing |
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Term
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Definition
| pain, proprioception (sense of body parts), pressure,heat, cold, movement, stretch |
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Term
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Definition
| vision, smell, taste, hearing and balance |
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Term
|
Definition
| in medial temporal lobe & inferior frontal lobe |
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Term
|
Definition
| commissural tracks - connects L/R hemi |
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Term
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Definition
| (on top of kidneys)modified sympathetic postganglion fibers -secrete hormones into blood not other neurons (catecholamines)ie:epinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| (on top of kidneys) kidneys)secretes steroid hormones - outer part of adrenal gland |
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Term
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Definition
| precentral gyrus, pyramidal cells, map diagramming motor output, reflects input of tactil stimuli-opposite side of body |
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Term
|
Definition
| carries sympathetic ganglia |
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Term
| Thoracolumbar (aka Sympathetic NS) |
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Definition
| (T1-L2)lateral horns-presynaptic neurons, sympathetic chain ganglia (paravertebral), neuronal divergence |
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Term
| Craniosacral (aka Parasympathic NS) |
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Definition
| (S2-S4)preganglionic fibers -pons & medulla oblongata, CN III, VII, IX, X |
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Term
|
Definition
| collateral ganglia connects pre to post to splanchnic nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
| in target organs - long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers (effector) |
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Term
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Definition
| adrenal medulla, kidneys, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands & blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| innervated by parasympathetic only |
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Term
|
Definition
| enhance sympathetic activity, increase norepinephrine release (ie: inhaler -dilates airway) |
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Term
|
Definition
| suppress sympatheitc activity, inhibits norepinephrine release or blocks receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prozac blocks reuptake of serotonin to prolong its mood elevating effect |
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Term
|
Definition
| competes with adenosine to inhibit causing sleepiness by binding to its receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
| All of the following cranial nerves except the __________ carry parasympathetic fibers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Muscarinic receptors bind _________. |
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Term
|
Definition
| occur on all ANS postganglionic neurons in the adrenal medulla, excitatory when ACh binding occurs. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Adrenal medulla (question) |
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Definition
| Epinephrine is secreted by ____________. |
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Term
|
Definition
| one preganglionic cell to many postganglionic cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| The autonomic nervous system innervates all of these except ________. |
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Term
| Adrenal medulla (question) |
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Definition
| Epinephrine is secreted by ___________. |
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Term
Sympathetic postganglionic fibers
(question) |
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Definition
| The gray communicating ramus contains ___________. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Throughout the autonomic nervous system, the neurotransmitter released by the preganglionic fiber binds to ________receptors on the postganglionic neuron. |
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Term
|
Definition
| thoracolumbar region only (T1-L2) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which of these does not result from sympathetic stimulation? |
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Term
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Definition
| balance between constriction and dilation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Adrenergic receptors classified as Alpha, Beta, act by changing the level of _______ in the target cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The adrenal medulla consists of modified postganglionic neurons of the _________ nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are found in the _________nerve. |
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Term
|
Definition
| aka Sympathetic chain ganglia - 3 cervical, 11 thoracic, 4 lumbar, 4 sacral & 1 coccygeal ganglia |
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