Term
| Structural components of PNS |
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Definition
| Sensory receptors, motor endings, nerves and ganglia. |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bundles of axons and clusters of cell bodies. |
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Term
| Peripheral Sensory Receptors: Two categories |
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Definition
| Free nerve endings, Complete receptor cells. Can also be classified by location, type of stimulus detected, or structure. |
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Term
| Peripheral Sensory Receptors: Free nerve endings |
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Definition
| Monitor most types of general sensory info (touch, pain, pressure, proprioception, temp.) |
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Term
| Peripheral Sensory Receptors: Complete receptor cells |
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Definition
| Monitor special senses (taste, vision, hearing, balance) |
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Term
| Peripheral Sensory Receptors: Location |
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Definition
| Exteroceptors (stimuli outside body), Interoceptors (stimuli inside body), Proprioceptors (musculoskeletal) |
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Term
| Peripheral Sensory Receptors: Stimulus detected |
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Definition
Mechanoreceptors (mechanical forces)
Thermoreceptors (temperature)
Chemoreceptors (chemicals)
Photoreceptors (light)
Nociceptors (pain) |
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Term
| PSR: Free nerve endings: location |
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Definition
| Abundant in epithelia and its corresponding CT (mostly pain and temperature) |
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Term
| PSR: Free nerve endings: Merkel discs |
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Definition
| (Merkel cells innervated by sensory nerve ending) – slowly adapting, light touch |
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Term
| PSR: Free nerve endings: Hair follicle receptors |
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Definition
| wrap around follicles, light touch, rapidly adapting. |
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Term
| PSR: Free nerve endings: Itch receptor |
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Definition
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Term
| PSR: Encapsulated Nerve Endings: overview |
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Definition
One or more end fibers of sensory neurons enclosed in CT capsule.
All are mechanoreceptors.
Amplify stimulus or filter stimuli. |
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Term
| PSR: Encapsulated nerve endings: Meissner's Corpuscles |
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Definition
| Beneath epidermis, fine touch – mostly areas without hair |
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Term
| PSR: Encapsulated nerve endings: Pacinian corpuscles |
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Definition
Located in deep CT (e.g., hypodermis)
Sense vibration |
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Term
| PSR: Encapsulated nerve endings: Ruffini's corpuscles |
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Definition
Located in dermis, joint capsules, hypodermis
Monitor continuous pressure |
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Term
| PSR: Encapsulated nerve endings: Proprioceptors 3 types |
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Definition
| Muscle spindles, Golgi Tendon Organs, Joint Kinesthetic Receptors. |
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Term
| PSR: Encapsulated nerve endings: Proprioceptors: Muscle Spindles |
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Definition
| measure change in muscle length. |
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Term
| PSR: Encapsulated nerve endings: Proprioceptors: Golgi Tendon Organs |
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Definition
| Near muscle-tendon junction, measure tension in tendon. |
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Term
| PSR: Encapsulated nerve endings: Proprioceptors: Joint Kinesthetic receptors |
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Definition
| Measure stretch in synovial joints. |
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Term
| Peripheral Motor Endings: Types |
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Definition
| Skeletal muscle, visceral muscle and glands. |
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Term
| Peripheral Motor Endings: Skeletal Muscle composition |
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Definition
| One neuromuscular junction is associated with each muscle fiber |
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Term
| Peripheral Motor Endings: Skeletal Muscle function |
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Definition
| Axon terminals release neurotransmitter, which crosses to sarcolemma |
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Term
| Peripheral Motor Endings: Visceral muscle and glands |
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Definition
| Visceral motor axon swells into row of knobs (varicosities), releases neurotransmitter |
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Term
| Cranial nerves: numbering |
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Definition
| 12 pairs numbered I-XII (rostral to caudal), |
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Term
| Cranial nerves: First two pairs attach to ... rest attach to... |
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Definition
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Term
| Cranial nerves generally serve |
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Definition
| Head and neck with exception of vagus. |
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Term
| Cranial Nerves (CN): Nerve I Olfactory nerve type |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve I Olfactory: location |
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Definition
| most superior, most anterior-arises from forebrain. |
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Term
| Nerve I Olfactory: Input goes through... |
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Definition
| Rhinencephalon (only one that doesn't go through thalamus) |
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Term
| Nerve II Optic: Overview, nerve type, damage |
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Definition
| Vision, sensory only. If severed blindness occurs. |
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Term
| Nerve II Optic: Nerve arises from |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| rods and cones in retina, goes through thalamus, then to occipital lobe. |
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Term
| Nerve II Optic: Optic chiasma allows... |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve III Oculomotor: Overview |
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Definition
| Primarily motor (a few sensory proprioceptors report back the position of the eyeball) |
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Term
| Nerve III Oculomotor: Function |
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Definition
| Controls 4 of 6 skeletal muscles that move eye in orbit and iris (autonomic) |
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Term
| Nerve III Oculomotor: Composition |
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Definition
| Somatic branch of nervous system. |
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Term
| Nerve III Oculomotor: Arises from... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Nerve III Oculomotor: If severed... |
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Definition
| eyelid may droop or person may not be able to move eyeball in certain direction. |
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Term
| Nerve IV Trochlear (pulley): Nerve type |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve IV Trochlear (pulley): Function |
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Definition
| Innervates superior oblique muscle of eye, which is responsible for downward and outward (lateral) movement |
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Term
| Nerve IV Trochlear: Damage impairs... |
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Definition
| movement and causes double vision. |
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Term
| Nerve V Trigeminal: Nerve type, fun fact |
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Definition
| Mixed nerve – largest cranial nerve, is the nerve numbed at dentist. |
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Term
| Nerve V Trigeminal: Arises from |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve V Trigeminal: 3 divisions |
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Definition
| Opthalamic, maxillary, mandibular. |
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Term
| Nerve V Trigeminal: Motor functions |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve V Trigeminal: Sensory functions |
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Definition
| info from skin and muscles of face, teeth. |
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Term
| Nerve V Trigeminal: Damage to nerve can result in impaired... |
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Definition
| chewing, lack of sensation from facial structures. |
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Term
| Nerve VI Abducens: Nerve type |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve VI Abducens: Arises from... |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve VI Abducens: Function |
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Definition
| Innervates lateral rectus muscle of eye (abducts) |
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Term
| Nerve VI Abducens: Damage causes... |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve VII Facial: Nerve type |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve VII Facial: Arises from |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve VII Facial: Skeletal function |
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Definition
| innervates muscles of facial expression. |
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Term
| Nerve VII Facial: Autonomic function |
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Definition
| Innervates salivary glands (exocrine) |
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Term
| Nerve VII Facial: Taste function |
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Definition
| Taste sensation, controls taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue. (Sweet) |
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Term
| Nerve VII Facial: Damage causes inability to... |
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Definition
| contract facial muscles, distorted taste. |
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Term
| Nerve VII Facial: Bell's Palsy (usually due to virus) |
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Definition
| Causes affected side of face to sag due to lost muscle tone. |
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Term
| Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear: Nerve type |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear: The only cranial nerve that does not exit cranium through a ... |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear: Arises from... |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear: 2 main branches |
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Definition
| Vestibular nerve, Cochlear nerve |
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Term
| Nerve VI Vestibulocochlear: Vestibular nerve function and damage |
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Definition
| balance, damage causes dizziness and imbalance. |
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Term
| Nerve VIII Vestibulocochlear: Cochlear nerve function and damage |
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Definition
| hearing, damage causes sensory deafness. |
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Term
| Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal: Nomenclature |
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Definition
| Glossa=tongue, pharynx=throat |
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Term
| Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal: Nerve type |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal: Skeletal muscle function |
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Definition
| Innervates muscles in throat and tongue (swallowing) |
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Term
| Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal: Autonomic function |
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Definition
| Innervates salivary glands. |
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Term
| Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal: Taste function |
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Definition
| Controls taste in posterior 1/3 on tongue (bitter and sour) |
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Term
| Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal: Arises from |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal: Damage causes loss of... |
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Definition
| bitter and sour tasting, impairs swallowing. |
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Term
| Nerve X Vagus: Arises from |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve X Vagus: Nomenclature |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve X Vagus: Nerve type |
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Definition
| KEY autonomic nerve, mixed. |
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Term
| Nerve X Vagus: Where nerve goes |
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Definition
| Goes through entire thoracic and abdominal cavity. |
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Term
| Nerve X Vagus: If both vagus nerves are damaged... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Nerve X Vagus: Damage to one nerve causes |
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Definition
| vocal impairment, difficulty swallowing, and visceral issues. |
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Term
| Nerve XI Accessory: Nerve type |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve XI Accessory: Arises from... |
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Definition
| Medulla and part of spinal cord. |
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Term
| Nerve XI Accessory: Function |
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Definition
| Moves neck/head/shoulders (shoulder shrug nerve) |
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Term
| Nerve XI Accessory: Innervates... |
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Definition
| Sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius. |
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Term
| Nerve XI Accessory: Damage makes it difficult to... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Nerve XII Hypoglossal: Nomenclature |
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Definition
| Hypo=under, glossal=tongue |
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Term
| Nerve XII Hypoglossal: Nerve type |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve XII Hypoglossal: Arises from |
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Definition
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Term
| Nerve XII Hypoglossal: Function |
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Definition
| Innervates tongue muscles. |
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Term
| Nerve XII Hypoglossal: If nerve is damaged, person will have difficulty... |
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Definition
| speaking, swallowing, and protruding tongue. |
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Term
| Cranial nerves: Sensory neuron cell bodies are located... |
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Definition
| in receptor organs (nose) or cranial sensory ganglia. |
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Term
| Cranial nerves: Motor neuron cell bodies are located in... |
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Definition
| ventral gray matter of brain stem. |
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Term
| Spinal nerves: How many pairs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal nerves: Exit spinal column via... |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal nerves: Nerves C1-C7 leave the spinal cord... |
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Definition
| ABOVE the corresponding vertebrae (in general) |
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Ex. C1 leaves...C1, C2 leaves...C1 and ...C2 |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Ex.(Exception to rule) Nerve C8 leaves ... C7 and ... T1 |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal nerves: Thoracic nerves leave...corresponding vertebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: EX. T6 leaves ... T6, and ...T7 |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal also leave ... corresponding bones |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal nerves: All nerves are...nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: The sensory and motor portions of nerves travel..., but enter and exit cord... |
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Definition
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Afferents (sensory) |
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Definition
| enter cord via dorsal root (soma is outside of spinal cord in dorsal root ganglion) |
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Efferents (motor) |
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Definition
| exit cord via ventral root (soma is in spinal cord in anterior horn) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Structures that enter and exit spinal cord, are sensory only or motor only. Converge together in order to exit intervertebral foramen (next to pedicles) |
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Rami overview |
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Definition
| Branches that occur after sensory and motor re-join, two types Dorsal and Ventral ramus. |
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Rami: Dorsal ramus |
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Definition
| Goes to posterior torso (innervates muscles, joints, and skin of back along vertebral column) |
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Rami: Ventral Ramus |
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Definition
| Goes to anterior torso and limbs (innervates muscles and skin on lateral and anterior side of trunk, limbs) |
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Sympathetic rami (rami communicates)composition |
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Definition
| Gray ramus and white ramus |
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Sympathetic rami overview |
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Definition
| 2 branches from each spinal nerve that connects to sympathetic trunk ganglion, which is part of ANS. |
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Sympathetic rami: Serves as a place where... |
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Definition
| Sympathetic nerves separate from somatic motor neurons. |
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Term
| Spinal Nerves: Sympathetic rami: Can consider them like sideroads that carry... up and down between segments |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Innervation of Back: Posterior neck and trunk innervated by... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Innervation of the back: Each rami innervates a... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Innervation of the back: More simple than... |
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Definition
| Ventral rami innervations |
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Term
| Innervation of Anterior Thorax and Abdomen: Innervated by... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation of Anterior Thorax and Abdomen: Form... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation of Anterior Thorax and Abdomen: Protected by... |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| In most spinal nerves (NOT T2-T12), the anterior rami combine and split again as plexuses. |
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Term
| Nerve plexuses: In which spinal nerves are they not found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| network of nerves (formed by anterior/ventral rami) |
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Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Within a plexus, fibers from different... |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Each end branch of a plexus contains... |
|
Definition
| fibers from several different spinal nerves. |
|
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Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Fibers from each...travel via ...routes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Cervical plexus: Location |
|
Definition
| Includes anterior rami of C1-C4, plus part of C5 |
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Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Cervical plexus: Some fibers also...with...nerves. |
|
Definition
| combine, cranial (accessory nerve) |
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Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Cervical plexus: Phrenic nerve |
|
Definition
| innervated diaphragm (sensory and motor) |
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Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Cervical plexus: Places it innervates |
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Definition
| Branches of cervical plexus innervate skin and muscles of neck, portions of head and shoulders. |
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Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Brachial plexus: Muscles it serves |
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Definition
| Primarily serves arm muscles, some neck and shoulder |
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Term
| Nerve plexuses: Brachial plexus location |
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Definition
| Formed mostly by C5-T1- very complex |
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Term
| Nerve plexuses: Brachial plexus median nerve |
|
Definition
| Innervates most muscles of anterior forearm and lateral palm |
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Term
| Nerve plexuses: Ulnar nerve: |
|
Definition
| wraps around the medial epicondyle to innervate some muscles of anterior forearm and hand, as well as sensory to the medial side of the hand. |
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Term
| Nerve plexuses: Lumbar plexus location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Lumbar plexus: Muscles it serves |
|
Definition
| Serves muscles of abdomen, anterior/medial parts of leg |
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Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Lumbar plexus: Obturator nerve |
|
Definition
| Runs through obturator foramen |
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Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Sacral plexus location |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Sacral plexus: Muscles it serves |
|
Definition
| Muscles of pelvic area, posterior /lateral parts of leg, lower back, dorsal and plantar food. |
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Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Sacral nerves: Sciatic nerve: Places it goes through |
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Definition
| Passes through pelvis and down back of leg |
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Term
| Nerve plexuses: Sacral plexus: Sciatic nerve, two nerves that make it up |
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Definition
| Tibial and common fibular nerves |
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Term
| Nerve Plexuses: Sacral Plexus: The sciatic nerve is the ... nerve in the body |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Joint innervation: Every ... receives ...branches from several... |
|
Definition
| joint capsule, sensory, nerves |
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Term
| Joint innervation: Hilton's law |
|
Definition
| any nerve that innervates a muscle producing movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself (and the skin over it) |
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Term
| Join innervation: Hilton's law simplified |
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Definition
| Nerve that innervates a muscle that makes a joint move also innervates the joint. |
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Term
| Dermatomes (Skin innervation) location |
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Definition
| All spinal nerves except C1 |
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Term
| Dermatomes: Area of skin... by...branches from a single... |
|
Definition
| innervated, cutaneous, nerve |
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|
Term
| Dermatomes: Trunk region direction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dermatomes: ... dermatomes can... significantly; limbs ... less |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dermatomes: Used clinically to... |
|
Definition
| Pinpoint level of spinal injuries, anesthesia |
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|
Term
| Shingles: ... infection of ... neurons involving the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shingles: ... of ... blisters, along a ... |
|
Definition
| Rash, scaly painful, dermatome |
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|
Term
| Shingles: Stems from..., virus lies...in ... |
|
Definition
| Chickenpox, dormant, sensory ganglion |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Disorder of neuromuscular junction |
|
|
Term
| Myesthenia gravis: Weakening of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Myesthenia gravis is a ... disorder which destroys ... in ..., no ... |
|
Definition
| Autoimmune, Ach receptors, sarcolemma, contraction. |
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