Term
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Definition
-volume of blood pumped each minute by each ventricle
cardiac output =
stroke volume X heart rate |
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Term
| regulation of stroke volume (3) |
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Definition
1. end diastolic volume (EDV)
2. peripheral resistance
3. contractility |
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Term
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Definition
1. "preload"
2. volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
3. stroke volume increases with increased EDV |
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Term
|
Definition
2/3 of body water is in cells
- of the remaining 1/3, 80% is in interstitial fluid and 20% is in blood plasma |
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Term
|
Definition
1. excessive accumulation of interstitial fluids
2. result of:
- high BP
- venous obstruction
- plasma protein leakage
- decreased plasma protein concentration
- obstruction of lymphatic drainage
- myxedema |
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Term
|
Definition
1. secreted by adrenal cortex
2. secreted when blood volume and pressure are reduced
3. stimulates reabsorption of salt in kidneys
4. regulated by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
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Term
| renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
|
Definition
1. when BP is low, cells in kidneys secrete enzyme RENIN
- angiotensinogen --> angiotensin I
- angiotensin I --> angiotensin II
- angiotensin II raises BP |
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Term
|
Definition
1. vasoconstriction of small arteries and arterioles
2. stimulates thirst center in hypothalamus
3. stimulates production of aldosterone in adrenal cortex |
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Term
| atrial natriuretic peptide |
|
Definition
1. produced by atria
2. promotes salt and water excretion in urine in response to increased blood volume
3. inhibits ADH secretion |
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Term
|
Definition
1. from higher pressure to lower pressure
2. rate is proportional to the pressure difference |
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Term
|
Definition
blood flow =
pressure difference / resistance |
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Term
|
Definition
1. length of vessel
2. viscosity
3. radius of vessel |
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Term
|
Definition
1. affected by blood volume/stroke volume, resistance and cardiac rate
2. increase any of these increases BP |
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Term
|
Definition
fall in BP =
increased sympathetic activity
decreased parasympathetic activity resulting in increased heart rate and resistance |
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Term
|
Definition
1. high BP
2. essential or secondary (symptom of another disease) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. low BP due to an infection
- bacterial toxins
- 50-70% mortality rate |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1. due to low blood volume from an injury, dehydration or burns |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1. cardiac output is insufficient to maintain blood flow req'd by the body |
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