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o hard, sphere
o same throughout
o ex. Marble |
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o hard, sphere
o particles
o ex. Chocolate chip cookie |
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o sphere
o particles
o charged particles found inside the atom
o idea – The atom had equal amounts of positively and negatively charged particles so the atom is neutral. |
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o sphere
o charged particles
o atom is neutral
o discovered nucleus and neutrons
o Electrons randomly scatter around the nucleus |
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o Sphere
o Charged particles
o Atom is neutral
o Nucleus
o Neutrons
o Electrons are found on energy levels in the electron cloud |
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o Located in the nucleus
o Positive charge |
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o Located in the nucleus
o Neutral or No charge |
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o Located outside the nucleus
o Negative charge |
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| o Number of protons + number of neutrons |
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| Mass number - # of protons |
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| Cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
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| Substances with two or more elements |
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• Mendeleev
o 1869
o Arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass
o Discovered a pattern-elements with similar properties fell into groups
o Left 3 gaps for missing elements
o Based on groupings in Periodic Table he predicted properties for missing elements |
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• Moseley
o 1913
o Arranged elements in order of increasing atomic number
o Improved Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
o After the new arrangement it was clear how many elements were not discovered |
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o Group 18
o Rarely combines with other elements because it outer energy level is filled with electrons. |
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o Group 17
o “Salt-formers”
o Reactivity decreases as you move down the group |
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Definition
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o Group 1
o Made of silvery solids with low densities.
o Easily reacts with water
o Reactivity increases as you move down the group.
o Examples: lithium batteries |
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o Most have high melting points
Ex. Tungsten
o Groups 3-12
o All elements in this group are synthetic or man-made except 3 |
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o The lanthanides (rare earth elements)
o The actinides – radioactive elements |
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Definition
| • Inner-transition Metals |
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Term
| o Element that has luster, is malleable, is ductile and good conductors of heat and electricity |
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Definition
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o Poor conductors of heat and electricity
o Can be a gas or brittle solid |
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o An element that shares some properties with both metals and nonmetals
o Also known as semi-metals or semi-conductors |
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