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Definition
| chemical messengers that are secreted directly into the bloodstream |
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Definition
| produce hormones; don't have ducts |
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a pea-sized gland that is divided into two parts, the anterior and posterior lobes
- anterior lobe secretes Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
Lactogenic Hormone (LTH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Posterior Lobe
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin |
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Definition
butterfly-shaped; lies on wither side of the larynx
- secretes Thyroxine
Triiodothyronine
Calcitonin |
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Term
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
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Definition
| stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex |
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Term
| Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
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Definition
| stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova in the ovaries of the female |
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Definition
| regulates the growth of bone, muscle , and other body tissues |
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| Interstitial Cell-stimulating Hormone (ICSH) |
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Definition
| stimulates the ovulation in the female; in the male stimulates the production of testosterone |
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Definition
| Prolactin; stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in mother after childbirth |
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Definition
| stimulates ovulation in the female. In the male, stimulates the secretion of testosterone |
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Term
| Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH) |
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Definition
| increases the production of melanin in melanocytes, thereby causing darkening of skin pigmentation |
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Term
| Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
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Definition
| stimulates the secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland |
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Definition
| secreted by the hypothalumus and stored and released in the pituitary gland; helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is secreted through the kidneys |
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| stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth; After childbirth it controls postnatal hemorrhage and stimulates the flow of milk from the mammary glands |
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Very small endocrine gland located in the central portion of the brain;
- secretes Melatonin |
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Term
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Definition
| influences the sleep-wakefulness portions of the circadian cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the biological functions that occur within a 24-hour period |
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| Throcine (T4) and Triodothyronine (T4) |
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Definition
| regulates the metabolism and affects the growth and rate of function of many other body systems |
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Definition
| a hormone that works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues by moving calcium into storage in the bones and teeth |
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Definition
four; about the size of a grain of rice; embedded into the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
- secretes the parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
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Term
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
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Definition
| works with the hormone Calcitonin; together they regulate the calcium levels in the blood and tissues |
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Definition
located near the midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cavity; posterior to the sternum, little bit superior to the heart
- secretes Thymosin |
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Definition
| plays an important role in the immune system by stimulating the maturation of lymphocytes into T Cells |
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Definition
located posterior to the stomach that serves as part of both the digestive and endocrine systems
- secretes Glucagon
Insulin |
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Definition
| the parts of the pancreas that serve the endocrine system |
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Definition
| Blood Sugar; the basic form of energy used by the body |
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Definition
| the hormone that is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose in the bloodstream; encourages the liver to convert glycogen into glucose for release into the blood stream |
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Definition
the hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream;
- when energy is needed, insulin allows glucose to enter cells to be used as this energy
- When additional glucose is not needed insulin stimulates the liver to convert glucose into glycogen for storage |
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Definition
on on top of each kidney; outer portion = adrenal cortex, middle portion = adrenal medulla
- adrenal cortex secretes
androgens
corticosteroids
1.Aldosterone
2Cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
| sex hormones secreted by the gonads, the the adrenal cortex, and fat cells |
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Definition
| the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex |
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Definition
| a corticosteroid that regulates the salt and water levels in the body by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys |
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Definition
| a corticosteroid that has an anti-inflammatory action; also regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body |
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Definition
| Adrenaline, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress such as fear |
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Definition
| both a hormone and a neurohormone; plays an important role in the "fight or flight" response by raising blood pressure, strengthening the heartbeat, and stimulating heart contractions |
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Definition
gamete-producing glands
- in males, secretes testosterone
- in females, secretes estrogen and progesterone |
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Definition
| the process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing |
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Definition
| hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and in regulation of the menstrual cycle |
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| the hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary; completes the preparation of the uterus for possible pregnancy |
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| any hormone that stimulates the gonads |
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Definition
| sex hormones, primarily testosterone, secreted by the gonads, the adrenal cortex, and fat cells, androgens promote the development and maintenance of the male sex characteristics, however, they are present in both genders |
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Definition
| a steroid hormone secreted by the testicles and the adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics |
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Definition
| a large family of hormone-like substances that share the same fat-soluble chemical structure |
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Definition
| man-made substances that are chemically related to male sex hormones; used in the treatment of hormone problems in men and help the body replace muscle mass lost due to disease |
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| a protein hormone secreted by fat cells the is involved in the regulation of appetite |
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Definition
| produced and released by neurons in the brain, rather than by the endocrine glands, and delivered to organs and tissues through the bloodtream |
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Definition
| a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands |
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Term
| Certified Diabetes Educator |
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Definition
| a healthcare professional qualified to teach people with diabetes how to manage their disease |
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Definition
| a rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities; caused by the excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty |
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Definition
| abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by the excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty |
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Definition
| the excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism |
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| Dwarfism, sometimes caused by deficient secretion of growth hormone |
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Definition
Functioning - produce hormones in large unregulated amounts
Nonfunctioning - useless mass |
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Definition
| a condition in which an excess of prolactin causes the breasts to produce milk spontaneously |
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Definition
| a benign tumor of the pituitary gland; causes the pituitary gland to produce too much prolactin; can cause infertility in women and erectile dysfunction in men, and can impair vision |
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Definition
caused by an insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone ADH or by the inability of the kidneys to respond appropriately to this hormone
-not enough - too much fluid is secreted by the kidneys |
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Term
| Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) |
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Definition
| Caused by overproduction of the antidiuretic hormone ADH. Kidneys don't secrete as much water which causes bloating and water retention. This dilutes the blood and causes electrolyte imbalances |
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Definition
| tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin |
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Definition
| an autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy cells of the thyroid gland. This inflammation can often lead to hypothyroidism |
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Definition
| caused by a deficiency of thyroid secretion; symptoms include fatigue, depression, sensitivity to cold, and a decreased metabolic rate |
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Definition
| a congenital form of hypothyroidism |
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Definition
| caused by an extreme deficiency in thyroid secretion. symptoms include swelling, particularly around the eyes and cheeks, fatigue, and a subnormal temperature |
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Definition
| overproduction of the thyroid hormones causes an imbalance of the metabolism; causes increased metabolic rate, sweating, nervousness, and weight loss |
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Definition
| a disorder of unknown cause in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormones |
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Definition
| abnormal nonmalignant enlargement of the thyroid gland; produces swelling in the front of the neck |
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Definition
| is an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit |
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Definition
| overproduction of the parathyroid hormone which causes hypercalcemia |
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Definition
| characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones and teeth; can lead to weakened bones and the formation of kidney stones |
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Definition
| caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of the parathyroid hormone; causes hypocalcemia |
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Definition
| characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood; opposite of hypercalcemia |
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Definition
| a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin |
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Definition
| inflammation of the pancreas; most often caused by alcohol abuse |
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Definition
| an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood; seen primarily in patients with diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| abnormally low concentrations of glucose in the blood; symptoms include nervousness and shakiness, confusion, perspiration, or feeling anxious or weak |
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Definition
| a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both |
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Definition
an autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells
- symptoms include polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, weight loss, blurred vision, extreme fatigue, and slow healing |
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Term
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Definition
| an insulin resistance disorder appearing mostly in overweight and obese individuals |
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Definition
| a condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as type two diabetes |
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Term
| Latent Autoimmune Disease in Adults (LADA) |
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Definition
| a condition in which type 1 diabetes develops in adults. shares many characteristics of type 2 diabetes; however autoimmune antibodies are present treated the same way as type 2 diabetes with some variations |
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Term
| Gestational Diabetes Mellitus |
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Definition
| is a form of Diabetes Mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies; usually disappears after delivery |
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Definition
| caused by a very high blood sugar; treated by prompt administration of insulin |
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Definition
| caused by very low blood sugar;Oral glucose, a sugary substance, is administered through the mouth to raise blood sugar quickly |
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Definition
| occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina; This causes blood to leak into the posterior segment of the eyeball which causes the damage that causes the loss of vision |
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Definition
| Occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormone cortisol or aldosterone. Characterized by chronic, worsening fatigue and muscle weakness, loss of appetite, low blood pressure, and weight loss |
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Definition
| abnormality in the electrolyte balance due to the excessive secretion of aldosterone |
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Definition
| a disorder of the adrenal glands that is caused by the excessive production of aldosterone; form of primary aldosteronism; can cause weakness, cramps, and convulsions |
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Definition
| a rare, benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes too much release of epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Definition
| caused by prolong exposure to high levels of cortisol; symptoms include a rounded red "moon" face; can be caused by the overproduction of cortisol or by the prolonged use of corticosteroids |
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Definition
| the condition of excessive mammary development in males |
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Term
| Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test (RAIU) |
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Definition
| uses radioactive iodine administered orally to measure thyroid function; the amount of radioactivity in the thyroid is measured 6 to 24 hours later |
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Term
| Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Assay |
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Definition
| a diagnostic test to measure the circulating blood level of thyroid stimulating hormone. used to detect abnormal thyroid activity resulting from excessive pituitary stimulation |
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Definition
| measures the thyroid function |
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Definition
| measures the glucose levels after the patient has not eaten for 8 to 12 hours. used to screen for diabetes; also used to monitor treatment for the condition |
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| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test |
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Definition
| performed to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and to aid in diagnosing hypoglycemia |
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Term
| Home Blood Glucose Monitoring |
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Definition
| measures the current glucose level, requires a drop of blood; performed by the patient |
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Definition
| a blood test that measures the average blood glucose level over the previous 3 to 4 months |
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Definition
| Measures the average glucose levels over the previous 3 weeks |
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Definition
| Synthetic version of the growth hormone that is administered to stimulate growth when the natural supply is insufficient for normal growth |
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Definition
| a medication administered to slow the ability of the thyroid gland to produce thyroid glands |
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Term
| Radioactive Iodine Treatment (RAI) |
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Definition
| the oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells |
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Term
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Definition
| the surgical removal of one lobe of the thyroid gland; this term can be used on other organ as well |
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Term
| Synthetic Thyroid Hormones |
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Definition
| administered to replace lost thyroid function |
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