Term
| What are the 2 subdivisions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
- CNS: central nervous system
- brain and spinal cord
- sensory input and output
- PNS: peripheral nervous system
- all neural tissue outside CNS
- carries motor commands from CNS to peripheral tissues and systems
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Term
| What are the two subdivisions of the PNS? |
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Definition
- Afferent Division
- brings sensory info to the CNS
- Efferent Division
- carries motor commands to muscles and glands
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Term
| What are the three places the afferent division retrieves information from to deliver to the CNS? |
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Definition
- somatic sensory receptors
- visceral sensory receptors
- special sense organs
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Term
| What is the Somatic Nervous System? |
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Definition
controls skeletal muscle contractions
(voluntary or involuntary) |
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Term
| What is the Autonomic Nervous System? |
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Definition
regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity
(involuntary) |
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Term
| What two types of cells are found in neural tissue? |
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Definition
| neurons (nerve cells) & neuroglia |
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Term
| What are neurons responsible for? |
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Definition
| the transfer and processing of information |
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Term
| What is multiplesclerosis? |
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Definition
| wasting away of the myelin sheath along the axon |
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Term
| Brief structure of a neuron |
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Definition
| cell body (soma) with several branching dendrites; elongated axon attached to cell body ends at one or more synaptic terminals; myelin sheath surrounds axon and at synaptic terminals the neurons communicate |
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Term
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Definition
- no clues to distinguish dendrites from axon
- found only in CNS
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Term
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Definition
- a single dendrite and axon
- rare but play an important role in relaying sensory info
- axons are not myelinated
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Term
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Definition
- continuous dendritic and axonal processes
- cell body lays off to one side
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Term
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Definition
- have several dendrites and a single axon that may have one or more branches
- most common type in CNS
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| connect motor and sensory |
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Term
| Sensory information always enters the _________ spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Afferent information enters the ___________ spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Motor information always enter the ___________ spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Efferent information always enters the _____________ spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms the afferent division of the PNS? |
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Definition
| sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons) |
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Term
| What do somatic sensory neurons do? |
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Definition
| transmit info about the outside world and our position within it |
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Term
| What do visceral sensory neurons do? |
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Definition
| transmit info about internal conditions and the status of other organ systems |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| provide info about the external environment in the form of touch, temperature, and pressure sensations and the more complex sensations of sight, smell, and hearing |
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Term
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Definition
| monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints |
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Term
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Definition
| monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems and provide sensations of deep pressure and pain as well as taste |
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Term
| what neurons form the efferent version of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| motor neurons (multipolar) |
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Term
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Definition
- connects afferent to efferent neurons
- located entirely within brain and spinal cord
- OUTNUMBER A OTHER NEURONS COMBINED BOTH IN NUMBER AND TYPES
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Term
| What are the 2 classifications of interneurons? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a cell membrane to conduct electrical impulses |
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Term
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Definition
| develops after the membrane is stimulated to a level known as the threshold, then permeability to sodium and potassium ions changes |
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