Term
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Definition
| Heterogeneous group of acquired and constitutional disorders in which there is a normocytic or macrocytic, normochromic anemia associated with chromic bone marrow hypocellularity. |
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Term
| diagnostic criteria for aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| requires Pancytopenia associated with hypocellular (less than normal amount of cells) bone marrow |
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Term
| Epidemiology: aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| most commonly seen in 2-5 year olds (due to inherited forms), 15-25 year olds (due to acquired forms), and adults over 60. There are more cases in Asia than in western countries |
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Term
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Definition
| acquired forms due to environmental exposures or idiopathic, constitutional forms due to chronic failure of the bone marrow due to inherited abnormality which may be present at birth. |
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Term
| pathophysiology of aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| Due to immunologic suppression of hematopoiesis (Tc cells inhibit stem cells or Epstein Barr viral infections), deficient, defective stem cells (acquired or inherited), defective microenvironment of bone marrow (rare), and deficiency of hematopoietic growth factors (no evidence) |
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Term
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Definition
| usually idiopathic (50-70%), most common in adults, and is secondary to exposure |
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Term
| Constitutional aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| a birth defect, Fanconi’s anemia, Autosomal recessive, average survival is 25 years |
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Term
| clinical characteristics of aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| : insidious onset related to cytopenias, bleeding accompanied by petechial and fundal hemorrhages, anemia and infection |
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Term
| laboratory characteristics of aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| peripheral blood shows Pancytopenia, hemoglobin is below 7.0 g/dL, erythrocytes appear normocytic and normochromic, bone marrow shows hypocellular with more than 70% fat |
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Term
| environmental factors associated with the development of aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| Drugs, chemicals, ionizing radiation, or biological agents |
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Term
| Etiology pure red cell aplasia |
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Definition
| : can be acquired (acute or chronic) or congenital (diamond-blackfan anemia) |
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Term
| Bone marrow pure red cell aplasia |
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Definition
| decrease of erythroid precursors, selective hypoproliferation of unipotent erythroid stem cell, no disturbance of granulocyte and platelet development |
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Term
| Peripheral blood pure red cell aplasia |
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Definition
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Term
| Aplastic anemia peripheral blood findings |
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Definition
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Term
| Pure red cell aplasia peripheral blood findings |
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Definition
| decreased erythrocyte, decreased reticulocytes, normal leukocytes, normal platelets |
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Term
| Anemia due to renal disease peripheral findings |
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Definition
| normochromic normocytic anemia, moderate aniso (some microcytes), hemoglobin levels low (5.0-8.0 g/dL), RPI 1 (low), moderate to severe Poikilocytosis (Echinocytes, Schistocytes, sphereocytes, acanthocytes, and nRBCs) WBCs and platelets are normal |
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Term
| possible causes of aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| Aplastic anemia can be acquired (due to exposures) or inherited (due to bone marrow defects) |
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Term
| prognosis in aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| Bone marrow transplant and immunosuppression |
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Term
| Management of aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| removal of a putative causative agent, withdrawal of drugs or removal of the patient from a hazardous environment |
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Term
| treatment of aplastic anemia |
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Definition
| : stem cell transplants, immunosuppressive therapy |
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Term
| Aplastic anemia pancytopenia |
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Definition
| always associated with bone marrow hypocellularity |
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Term
| Pancytopenia can be caused |
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Definition
| myelophthisic anemia (infiltration of bone marrow by fibrotic, granulomatous, or neoplastic cells, immature cells released to the blood. Myelodysplastic syndrome is a disorder that tends to terminate in acute leukemia; bone marrow cellularity appears normal or increased. Hypersplenism is increased sequestration by spleen and B12 and folate deficiency |
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Term
| Red cell aplasia is characterized by |
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Definition
| decrease of erythroid precursors in the marrow |
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Term
| Aplastic anemia is characterized by |
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Definition
| a global pancytopenia in the blood and a hypocellular bone marrow. |
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Term
| Diamond-Blackfans is characterized by |
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Definition
| defect in the erythroid precursor cells |
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Term
| Renal disease is characterized by |
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Definition
| decreased hemoglobin and increased nitrogen urea in the blood |
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Term
| Transient erythroblastopenia |
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Definition
| temporary suppression of Erythropoiesis that frequently occurs after a viral infection in otherwise normal children. Fetal characteristics of erythrocytes seen in DBA are not found in TEC. TEC is thought to be virus-associated or antibody mediated |
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Term
| pathophysiology of anemia due to renal disease |
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Definition
| Decreased EPO production by kidneys, shortened RBC survival, blood loss due to thrombocytopenia, dialysis (mechanical disturbance, iron and folate are dialyzable) |
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