Term
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Definition
| Transmission of traits from one generation to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| Demonstrated by differences in appearance that offspring from parents and siblings |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of heredity and variation |
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Term
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Definition
| Units of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific location of a gene on a certain chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| Parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of genetically identical individuals from the same parent |
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Term
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Definition
| Two parents give rise to offspring, has unique combinations of genes from two parents |
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Term
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Definition
| Ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Two chromosomes in each pair |
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Term
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Definition
| All chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
2n
2 sets of chromosomes (46) |
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Term
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Definition
Gamete
1n
1 set of chromosomes (23) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fertilized egg, with one set of chromosomes from each parent |
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Term
| Three Main Types of Sexual Life Cycles |
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Definition
| Animals, plants and algae, and fungi |
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Term
| Animals Sexual Life Cycles |
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Definition
| Meiosis produces gametes, no farther cell division before fertilization |
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Term
| Plants and Algae Sexual Life Cycles |
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Definition
| Alternation of generations |
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Term
| Alternation of Generations |
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Definition
| Includes both a diploid and haploid multicellular stage. Sporophyte makes haploid spors. Spor grows to gamete. Gamete is fertilized |
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Term
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Definition
| Diploid organism, involved in plant sexual life cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| Only diploid stage is the single-celled zygote. Zygote produces haploids, which grows into multicellular haploid organisms |
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Term
| Two Sets of Cell Divisions |
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Definition
| Meiosis I and meiosis II, result in four daughter cells |
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Term
| Result of Meiosis I - Reductional Division |
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Definition
| Two haploid daughter cells with replicated chromosomes |
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Term
| Result of Meiosis II - Equational Division |
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Definition
| Four haploid daughter cells with unreplicated chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
Chromosomes begin to condense
Homologous chromosomes loosely pair up
Crossing over
Forms a tetrad |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromatids exchange DNA segments |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of four chromatids, usually has one or more chiasmata |
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Term
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Definition
| X-shaped region where crossing over occurs |
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Term
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Definition
Tetrads line up at the metaphase plate
Microtubules from one pole are attached to the kinetochore of one chromosome of each tetrad |
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Term
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Definition
| Pairs of homologous chromosomes separate, sister chromatids remain attached |
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Term
| Telophase I and Cytokinesis |
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Definition
| Each half of the cell has a haploid set of chromosomes, cytokinesis forms two daughter cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| A spindle apparatus forms, chromosomes start to move toward metaphase plate |
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Term
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Definition
| Sister chromatids are arranged at the metaphase plate, kinetochores of sister chromatids attach to the microtublues from opposite poles |
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Term
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Definition
| Sister chromatids separate |
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Term
| Telophase II and Cytokinesis |
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Definition
| The chromosomes arrive at the opposite poles, nuclei form and chromosomes being decondensing |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in an organisms DNA |
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Term
| The Three Mechanisms That Contribute to Genetic Variation: |
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Definition
Independent assortment
Crossing over
Random fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
| Each pair of chromosomes sorts maternal and paternal homologues into daughter cells independently of the other pairs |
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Term
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Definition
| The fusion of two gametes, each with 8.4 million possible chromosome combinations from independent assortment, produces a zygote with any of about 70 trillion diploid combinations |
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