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Chapter 13
The Limits of Learning
21
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
12/16/2013

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Cards

Term
physically capable of doing.
Definition
What an individual can learn to do is therefore limited by what it is ______.
Term
anatomy/physical characteristics
Definition
Gardner and Gardner showed that the failure of chimpanzees to learn to speak may be due to differences in _____ than in learning ability.
Term
inherited.
Definition
Another severe limitation of learning is that learned behavior is not _____.
Term
William McDougall
Definition
Argued that when experience modifies the behavior of an individual, it also modifies its genes in some way.
Term
Robert Tryon
Definition
Conduced a landmark study with rats that shows differences in learning ability with the same species.
Term
nervous system.
Definition
The environment may limit learning ability, and therefore what we learn, by damaging the _____.
Term
neurotoxins
Definition
Substances that damage nerve tissues
Term
lead
Definition
One of the most pervasive neurotoxins is ____.
Term
Head Injury and Malnutrition
Definition
_____ can also diminish learning ability.
Term
Critical Periods
Definition
A period in the development of an organism during which it is especially likely to learn a particular kind of behavior.
Term
Imprinting
Definition
The tendency of some animals, particularly birds, to follow the first moving object they see after birth, usually (but not necessarily) their mother.
Term
Harry and Margaret Harlow
Definition
Compared monkeys raised with and without a mother.
Term
The Brelands
Definition
Theorized that innate tendencies interfered with learning.
Term
heredity/genetic factors
Definition
The Brelands showed that _____ might facilitate learning in one situation and inhibit it in another.
Term
Instinctive Drift
Definition
The tendency of an animal to revert to a fixed action pattern.
Term
autoshaping
Definition
The innate tendency of a pigeon to peck an object associated with food even though pecking is not required for food to appear. Behavior shapes itself without being reinforced.
Term
continuum of preparedness
Definition
The idea that organisms are genetically disposed to learn some things but not others.
Term
Martin Seligmen
Definition
Proposed the continuum of preparedness.
Term
language
Definition
An example of the role of physical characteristics in learning is provided by the difficulty apes had in learning _____.
Term
wolves
Definition
Harry and Martha Frank found that _____ solved certain problems better than dogs.
Term
imprinted
Definition
Soon after hatching, ducklings become _____ on an object that moves, usually their mother.
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