Term
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Definition
Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army
Significance: -Japanese tried to emulate imperial and bureaucratic system of China
Analyze: -they admired the Chinese's ability to successfully control large populations of people and exert strong influences |
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Term
page 294
The Tale of Genji
by Lady Murasaki |
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Definition
First novel in any language; relates life history of prominent and amorous son of the Japanese emperor; evidence for style of Japanese society
Significance: -first novel in any language
-provides insight into Japanese society (especially materialism and aesthetic desires)
Analyze: -author wanted to record facts about Japan for future researchers |
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Term
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Definition
Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th cent.; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power
Significance: -packed upper administration with family members
-used wealth to build large estates
-part of reasons for imperial decline
Analyze: -desire for power overwhelmed ability to see coming threats of local lords and warrior elites |
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Term
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Definition
Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies
Significance: -ruled small states (law, revenues, public works, etc.)
-built up armies
Analyze: -used power and force to control communities |
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Term
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Definition
Mounted troops of Japanese warrior leaders (bushi); loyal to local lords, not the emperor
Significance: -served bushi
-served as bodyguards during times of political turmoil and high crime rates
Analyze: -imperial control was weakening and a new form of protection was necessary |
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Term
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Definition
Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in west as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and means of restoring family honor
Significance: -demonstrated chivalric code of Japan and willingness to die for honor
Analyze: -death was a better option than defeat
-dying would restore honor to soldier's family |
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Term
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Definition
Powerful Japanese family in the 11th and 12th centuries; competed with Minamoto family; defeated after Gempei Wars
Significance: -temporarily controlled emperor and dominated at court
-defeated by Minamoto commanders and allies
Analyze: -primary focus of gaining power, based in capital, led to allies abandoning Taira |
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Term
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Definition
Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and est. military government (bafuku) in 12th century Japan
Significance: -defeated Taira family
-established bafuku system
Analyze: -strong alliances with provincial lords
-rural lords typically sided with Minamoto |
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Term
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Definition
Waged for five years from 1180, on Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in destruction of Taira
Significance: -five year struggle between Taira and Minamoto families
-brought great struggle to peasantry
Analyze: -untrained peasants were easily defeated by samurai |
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Term
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Definition
Military government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military gov't and samurai
Significance: -marked beginning of feudal age in Japan
-bafuku established after Gempei Wars
Analyze: -power rested in hands of Minamoto and samurai retainers, hence the emergence of feudal principles |
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Term
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Definition
Military leaders of the bafuku (military governments in Japan)
Significance: -led the bafuku
-feared by elite members of society
Analyze: -shoguns often thought to be imperial spies
-strong influence over military |
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Term
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Definition
Warrior family closely allied with Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated MInamoto rulers who claimed to rule in name of Japanese emperor at Kyoto.
Significance: -most power rested in hands of Hojo, who technically had power over Minamoto, who ruled in name of Japanese emperor
Analyze: -manipulation of MInamoto family by Hojo, which was a strong warrior family |
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Term
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Definition
Member of the Minamoto family; overthrew the Kamakura regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336-1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino
Significance: -drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino and eventually caused period of civil strife
Analyze: -absence of emperor and puppet emperors in his place created social unrest |
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Term
page 297
Ashikaga Shogunate |
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Definition
Replaced Kamakura regime in Japan; r. 1336-1573; destroyed rival Yoshino center of imperial authority
Significance: -able to destroy Yoshino and dethrone emperor
Analyze: -strong leader (Ashikaga Takuaji) and well-trained samurai |
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Term
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Definition
Warlord rulers of 300 small states following civil war and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states
Significance: -divided 300 small states amongst kingdoms and their daimyos
Analyze: -civil strife and social disruption due to fall of imperial capital and Ashikaga Shogunate created opening for rises in power amongst provincial lords |
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Term
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Definition
Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 BCE
Significance: -first Korean kingdom, later influenced by China
Analyze: -conquering by Han emperor allowed new relationships to develop between China and Korea |
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Term
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Definition
Tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula in 37 BCE; adopted cultural Sinification
Significance: -first Korean civilization to adopt so much of Chinese culture
Analyze: -contact with splinter kingdoms of China, after imperial control had weakened, produced the first wave of Sinification |
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Term
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Definition
Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668
Significance: -Chinese influence affected Korea and first flowering of culture emerged
Analyze: -Silla admired Tang empire and strove to be like it, and therefore sent tributaries to China to report on latest trends and cultural innovations (also for repayment) |
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Term
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Definition
Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated by rival Silla and its Chinese Tang allies in 7th century
Significance: -kingdom played a role in rivalry with Silla
-in part responsible for Sinification in Korea
Analyze: -defeat by Silla and Tang required the Silla to pay tribute to China for their aid; Chinese culture was thus introduced to Korea |
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Term
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Definition
Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam
Significance: -heavily influenced development of Vietnam and Japan, especially in cultural aspects
-not as influential in Vietnam
Analyze: -trade and tribute systems created relationships between regions and integrated Chinese culture into them
-less impact on Vietnam due to varying belief systems in culture, social systems, and politics |
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Term
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Definition
Korean dynasty that succeeded Koryo dynasty following period of Mongol invasions; established in 1392; ruled Korea to 1910; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence
Significance: -restored aristocratic dominance
-reintroduced Chinese influence
Analyze: -Yi were content remaining in shadow of Chinese and admired their ways of life |
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Term
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Definition
Indianized rivals of Vietnamese; moved into Mekong River delta region at time of Vietnamese drive to south
Significance: -intermarried with Viets
-rivals of Koreans
Analyze: -Vietnamese were much more tolerant towards other cultures, whereas Koreans were more close-minded (probably an acquired trait learned from the Chinese) |
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Term
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Definition
Leaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; revolt broke out in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of Vietnamese women in indigenous society
Significance: -shows significance of woman in Vietnamese society and the power they could exert
Analyze: -conflicting cultures kept Chinese from completely influencing Vietnamese lifestyles and social systems; geographical barriers spurred varying types of refinement |
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Term
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Definition
Indianized rivals of Vietnamese; driven into the highlands by the successful Vietnamese drive to the south
Significance: -one of main Vietnamese rivals
-driven into highlands by Vietnamese
Analyze: -Vietnamese really wanted to move south and viewed Chams as uncivilized and barbaric |
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Term
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Definition
Rival Vietnamese dynasty that arose in southern Vietnam to challenge traditional dynasty of Trinh in north at Hanoi; kingdom centered on Red and Mekong rivers; capital at Hue
Significance: -challenged claims of legitimacy of Trinh
Analyze: -like their rivals, they desired all of Vietnam to be united by one single monarch |
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Term
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Definition
Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in south
Significance: -long rivalry with Nguyen family
Analyze: -same as rivals, desired Vietnam to be united by one single monarch |
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