Term
|
Definition
| the most basic physical unit of heredity; a segment of nucleic acids that codes for a functional unit of RNA and/or a protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organic compound that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base; the basic building block of a nucleic-acid chain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of making a copy of DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix during DNA replication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the manifestation of the genetic material of an organism in the form of specific traits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in DNA and mRNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal |
|
|
