Term
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Definition
| computer system takes on the characteristics of human intelligence. |
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Term
| Computer-based information system (CBIS |
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Definition
| consists of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information. |
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Term
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Definition
| knowledge of computer systems and equipment and the ways they function; it stresses equipment and devices (hardware), programs and instructions (software), databases, and telecommunications. |
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Term
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Definition
| raw facts, such as an employee number, number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers, or sales orders. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organized collection of facts and information. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision-making. |
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Term
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Definition
| any business transaction executed electronically between companies (business-to-business), companies and consumers (business-to-consumer), consumers and other consumers (consumer-to-consumer), business and the public sector, and consumers and the public sector. |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the extent to which a system achieves its goals; it can be computed by dividing the goals actually achieved by the total of the stated goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of what is produced divided by what is consumed. |
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Term
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Definition
| using information systems and the Internet to perform all business-related tasks and functions. |
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Term
| enterprise resource planning system |
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Definition
| a set of integrated programs capable of managing a company’s vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| a system that gives a computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field. |
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Term
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Definition
| a network based on Web technologies that allows selected OUTSIDERS, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company’s intranet. |
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Term
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Definition
| output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| predicting future events to avoid problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities. |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves. |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. |
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Term
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Definition
| the activity of gathering and capturing raw data. |
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Term
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Definition
| the world’s largest computer network, actually consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information. |
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Term
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Definition
| an internal network based on Web technologies that allows people WITHIN an organization to exchange information and work on projects. |
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Term
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Definition
| an awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful |
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Term
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Definition
| the collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome. |
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Term
| management information systems |
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Definition
| an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to provide routine information to managers and decision makers. |
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Term
| mobile commercce (m-commerce) |
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Definition
| transactions conducted anywhere, anytime using wireless communications. |
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Term
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Definition
| computers and equipment that are connected in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications. |
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Term
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Definition
| production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports. |
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Term
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Definition
| the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using a CBIS. |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome. |
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Term
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Definition
| converting or transforming data into useful outputs. |
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Term
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Definition
| the computer programs that govern the operation of the computer |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals. |
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Term
| system performance standard |
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Definition
| a specific objective of the system. |
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Term
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Definition
| the activity of creating or modifying existing business systems. |
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Term
| technology infrastructure |
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Definition
| all the hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information. |
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Term
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Definition
| the electronic transmission of signals for communications; enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks. |
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Term
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Definition
| any business-related exchange, such as payments to employees, sales to customers, and payments to suppliers. |
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Term
| transaction processing system |
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Definition
| an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| the simulation of a real or imagined environment that can be experienced visually in three dimensions. |
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Term
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Definition
| a process for testing skills and knowledge, which results in a statement by the certifying authority that states an individual is capable of performing a particular kind of job. |
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Term
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Definition
| a representation of change theories that identifies the phases of change and the best way to implement them. |
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Term
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Definition
| a significant and (ideally) long-term benefit to a company over its competition. |
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Term
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Definition
| constantly seeking ways to improve the business processes to add value to products and services. |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of major understandings and assumptions shared by a group. |
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Term
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Definition
| reducing the number of employees to cut costs. |
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Term
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Definition
| giving employees and their managers more responsibility and authority to make decisions, take certain actions, and have more control over their jobs. |
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Term
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Definition
| a widely accepted model that identifies five key factors that can lead to attainment of competitive advantage, including (1) the rivalry among existing competitors, (2) the threat of new entrants, (3) the threat of substitute products and services, (4) the bargaining power of buyers, and (5) the bargaining power of suppliers. |
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Term
| flat organizational structure |
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Definition
| an organizational structure with a reduced number of management layers. |
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Term
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Definition
| a support function that provides users with assistance, training, application development, documentation, equipment selection and setup, standards, technical assistance, and troubleshooting. |
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Term
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Definition
| a miniature IS department |
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Term
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Definition
| contracting for computer resources to rapidly respond to an organization’s varying workflow. Also called on-demand business and utility computing. |
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Term
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Definition
| a formal collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| the RESPONSES that are necessary for profit and nonprofit organizations to plan for, implement, and handle change. |
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Term
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Definition
| the major UNDERSTANDINGS and ASSUMPTIONS for a business, a corporation, or an organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| ADAPTIONS to new conditions or alterations of organizational practices over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| organizational subunits and the way they relate to the overall organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| contracting with outside professional services to meet specific business needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the output achieved divided by the input required. |
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Term
| project organizational structure |
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Definition
a structure centered on major products or services.
Quality—the ability of a product (including services) to meet or exceed customer expectations. |
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Term
| reengineering (process design) |
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Definition
| the radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of the organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results. |
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Term
| return on investment (ROI) |
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Definition
| one measure of IS value that investigates the additional profits or benefits that are generated as a percentage of the investment in IS technology. |
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Term
| strategic alliance(strategic partnership) |
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Definition
| an agreement between two or more companies that involves the joint production and distribution of goods and services. |
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Term
| team organizational structure |
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Definition
| a structure centered on work teams or groups. |
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Term
| technology acceptance model |
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Definition
| a model that describes the factors that lead to higher levels of acceptance and usage of technology. |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of how widely technology is SPREAD throughout the organization. |
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Term
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Definition
| the extent to which technology is deeply INTEGRATED into an area or department. |
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Term
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Definition
| the measurement of the total cost of owning computer equipment, including desktop computers, networks, and large computers. |
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Term
| traditional organizational structure |
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Definition
| an organizational structure similar to a managerial pyramid, where the hierarchy of decision making and authority flows from strategic management at the top down to operational management and nonmanagement employees. Also called a hierarchical structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| a series (chain) of activities that includes inbound logistics, warehouse and storage, production, finished product storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service. |
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Term
| virtual organization structure |
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Definition
| a structure that employs individuals, groups, or complete business units in geographically dispersed areas that can last for a few weeks or years, often requiring telecommunications or the Internet. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the CPU that performs mathematical calculations and makes logical comparisons. |
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Term
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Definition
| a server that houses many individual computer motherboards that include one or more processors, computer memory, computer storage, and computer network connections. |
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Term
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Definition
| eight bits that together represent a single character of data. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of high-speed memory that a processor can access more rapidly than main memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the computer that consists of three associated elements: the arithmetic/logic unit, the control unit, and the register areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of electronic pulses produced at a predetermined rate that affects machine cycle time. |
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Term
| compact disc read-only memory |
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Definition
| a common form of optical disc on which data, once it has been recorded, cannot be modified. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the CPU that sequentially accesses program instructions, decodes them, and coordinates the flow of data in and out of the ALU, registers, primary storage, and even secondary storage and various output devices. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the computer that speeds processing by executing specific types of instructions while the CPU works on another processing activity |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which human-readable data is converted into a machine-readable form. |
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Term
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Definition
| process that involves transferring machine-readable data into the system. |
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Term
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Definition
| a relatively small, inexpensive, single-user computer that is highly versatile. |
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Term
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Definition
| a device that can store, organize, and play digital music files. |
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Term
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Definition
| an input device used with a PC to record and store images and video in digital form. |
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Term
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Definition
| a storage medium used to store digital video or computer data. |
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Term
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Definition
| a retrieval method in which data can be retrieved without the need to read and discard other data. |
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Term
| direct access storage device |
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Definition
| a device used for direct access of secondary storage data. |
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Term
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Definition
| a process of storing data that provides an EXACT COPY that protects users fully in the event of data loss. |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes to execute an instruction and store the results. |
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Term
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Definition
| BILLIONS of cycles per second. |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of a collection of computers, often owned by multiple individuals or organizations, to work in a coordinated manner to solve a common problem. |
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Term
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Definition
| a single-user computer that provides ease of portability because of its small size. |
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Term
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Definition
| any machinery (most of which uses digital circuits) that assists in the input, processing, storage, and output activities of an information system. |
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Term
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Definition
| the time it takes to perform the fetch-instruction and decode-instruction steps of the instruction phase. |
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Term
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Definition
| flat displays that use liquid crystals—organic, oil-like material placed between two polarizers—to form characters and graphic images on a backlit screen. |
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Term
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Definition
| the instruction phase followed by the execution phase. |
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Term
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Definition
| a common secondary storage medium, with bits represented by magnetized areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of card that stores limited amounts of data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based particles contained in a band on the card. |
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Term
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Definition
| a secondary storage medium; Mylar film coated with iron oxide with portions of the tape magnetized to represent bits |
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Term
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Definition
| a large, powerful computer often shared by hundreds of concurrent users connected to the machine via terminals |
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Term
| massively parallel precessing |
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Definition
| a form of multiprocessing that speeds processing by linking hundreds or thousands of processors to operate at the same time, or in parallel, with each processor having its own bus, memory, disks, copy of the operating system, and applications. |
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Term
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Definition
| MILLIONS of CYCLES per second. |
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Term
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Definition
| predefined, elementary circuits and logical operations that the processor performs when it executes an instruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| MILLIONS of INSTRUCTIONS per second. |
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Term
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Definition
| a hypothesis that states that transistor densities on a single chip double every 18 months. |
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Term
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Definition
| a standard format for compressing a sound sequence into a small file. |
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Term
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Definition
| a microprocessor that combines two or more independent processors into a single computer so they can share the workload and deliver a big boost in processing capacity. |
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Term
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Definition
| the simultaneous execution of two or more instructions at the same time. |
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Term
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Definition
| storage devices that attach to a network instead of to a single computer. |
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Term
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Definition
| uses special lasers to read and write data |
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Term
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Definition
| the simultaneous execution of the same task on multiple processors to obtain results faster. |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of CPU operation in which multiple execution phases are performed in a single machine cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| a dot of color on a photo image or a point of light on a display screen |
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Term
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Definition
| a terminal used in retail operations to enter sales information into the computer system. |
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Term
| policy-based storage management |
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Definition
| automation of storage using previously defined policies. |
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Term
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Definition
| a computer small enough to be carried easily. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the computer that holds program instructions and data. |
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Term
| radio frequency identification |
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Definition
| a technology that employs a microchip with an antenna that broadcasts its unique identifier and location to receivers |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of memory in which instructions or data can be temporarily stored. |
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Term
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Definition
| a nonvolatile form of memory |
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Term
| redundant array of independent/inexpensive discs |
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Definition
| method of storing data that generates extra bits of data from existing data, allowing the system to create a “reconstruction map” so that if a hard drive fails, the system can rebuild lost data. |
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Term
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Definition
| a high-speed storage area in the CPU used to temporarily hold small units of program instructions and data immediately before, during, and after execution by the CPU. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to increase the capability of a computer system to process more transactions in a given period by adding more, or more powerful, processors. |
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Term
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Definition
| devices that store larger amounts of data, instructions, and information more permanently than allowed with main memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| a retrieval method in which data must be accessed in the order in which it is stored. |
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Term
| sequential access storage device |
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Definition
| a device used to sequentially access secondary storage data. |
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Term
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Definition
| a computer designed for a specific task, such as network or Internet applications. |
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Term
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Definition
| a phone that combines the functionality of a mobile phone, personal digital assistant, camera, Web browser, e-mail tool, and other devices into a single handheld device. |
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Term
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Definition
| capturing and editing data where the data is initially created and in a form that can be directly input to a computer, thus ensuring accuracy and timeliness. |
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Term
| speech recognition technology |
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Definition
| input devices that recognize human speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| the technology that provides high-speed connections between data-storage devices and computers over a network. |
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Term
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Definition
| the most powerful computer systems with the fastest processing speeds. |
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Term
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Definition
| a low-cost, centrally managed computer with essential but limited capabilities and no extra drives, such as a CD or DVD drive, or expansion slots. |
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Term
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Definition
| a storage device that manages less frequently needed data so that it appears to be stored entirely on tape cartridges, although some parts of it might actually be located on faster hard disks. |
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Term
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Definition
| a more powerful personal computer that is used for technical computing, such as engineering, but still fits on a desktop. |
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