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| An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting is his or her |
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| Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cellphone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each ahs a distinctive |
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| Free association is central to the process of |
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| A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax, close his eyes and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as |
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| According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the |
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| When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his |
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| The Oedipus complex is the term used by Freud to describe |
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| D) boys' feelings of guilt and fear of punishment over their sexual desire for their mother |
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| When she was 8 years old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of |
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| Four-year-old Timmy had not wet his bed for over a year. However, he started bed-wetting again soon after his sister was born. Timmy's behavior best illustrates |
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| The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called |
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| The defense mechanism in which seljustifying explanations replace the real, unconscious reason for actions is |
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| Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as |
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| Survivors' vivid memories of Nazi death camp experiences most clearly challenge Freud's concept of |
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| Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it |
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| D) offers few testable hypotheses that allow one to determine its validity |
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| The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of |
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| Abraham Maslow studied the lives of Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Jefferson and Eleanor Roosevelt in order to understand the nature of |
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| Maslow's description of self-actualized individuals was said to reflect his own personal values because he |
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| A) selectively studied people with qualities he admired |
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| Characteristic patterns of behavior and conscious motives are called |
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| A consistent tendency to be shy is best described as a(n) |
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| The tendency to accept favorable descriptions of one's personality that could really be applied to almost anyone is known as |
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| A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of |
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| Emotional instability is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of |
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| The process by which people learn a sense of personal control or personal helplessness has been most strongly emphasized by the |
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| D) social-cognitive perspective |
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| Sasha believes that the questions on school tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. Sasha's belief most clearly illustrates |
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| C) an external locus of control |
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| Emma believes that she will succeed in business if she works hard and carefully manages her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates |
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| D) an internal locus of control |
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| Dogs strapped into a harness and given repeated and unavoidable shocks developed |
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| Research on selfperception indicates that most people |
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| B) view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others |
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| Jacinda failed her last history midterm. Which of the following conclusions would be most representitive of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part? |
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| D) "I think the test questions were ambiguous and confusing" |
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| A person who experiences defensive self-esteem is ______ to demonstrate self-serving bias and is _______ to feel angry when criticized. |
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