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| Assosiations of men in Italian cities who sought political and economical independence from nobles. |
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| A court that used Roman legal procedures to curb real or potential threats from the nobles. |
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| French tax on salt; taille-French tax on land. |
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| Popular groups in Spanish towns given royal authority to serve as local police forces and as judicial tribes. |
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| The critical study of Latin and Greek literature, with the goal of human realised potential. |
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| Basic feature of the Italian renaissance stressing personality, uniqueness, genius, and self-confidence. |
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| English local officials in the shires appointed by the crown and given wide authority in local government. |
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| Term applied to Jews who accepted Christianity but since many had become christian centuries earlier, "new" is not altogether true. |
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| Governments by the merchant aristocracy in Italian cities. |
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| Disenfranchised people in Italian communes who resented their exclusion from power. |
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| Pragmatic Sancrion of Bourges (1438) |
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| Statement of French king Charles VII asserting royal control over church appointments. |
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| TReatise by Machiavelli on ways to gain, keep, and expand power. |
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| The place or space where despots or oligarchs lived, conducted business, and displayed their wealth and patronage of the arts. |
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| French word, translated from Italian rinascita first used bby art historian and critic Giorgio Vasari. Means rebirth of the culture of classical antiquity. |
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| Non-monarchial government in which political power theoretically resides in the people and is excercised by its chosen representitaves. |
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| Body of men who happened to be with the king at a given time and usually including his chief officials. |
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| Attitude that tends to find the ultimate explanation of everything and the final end of human beings in what reason and senses can discover, |
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| Government by despot, one man rule in Italian cities like Milan. |
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