Term
|
Definition
Hindu prince. First of rulers that brought golden age to India-320.
§ Gupta dynasty ruled a mighty empire for nearly 150 years. (320-467). |
|
|
Term
| Science & learning under the Gupta |
|
Definition
§ University at Nalanda on Ganges River was famous throughout Asia.
§ Scientific advances:
o Inoculation: 1st to give injections, especially important b/c of cowpox.
o Surgery: sterilized cutting tools, set broken bones, plastic surgery.
o Number system: 1st to use system of #s based on ten. Understood zero & infinity.
§ Greatest literature of India’s golden age was drama: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Poet & dramatist who wrote Shakuntala-1 of most famous plays in world.
§ Compared to Shakespeare, but didn’t write tragedies. All plays had happy endings.
Gupta empire destroyed by Huns. Northern India was in turmoil. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Warrior kings from central Asia that ruled small kingdoms of India (800-900s).
§ Converted to Hinduism as members of Kshatriya.
§ Lived by code of honor and bravery, like European knights & Japanese samurai.
§ Women were respected & had property rights. Highest virtue was devotion to husband. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
If her husband dies, a faithful wife could show her love by this Hindu rite.
§ As husband’s body burned on funeral pyre, she would die honorably in the flames. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
or Timur the Lame. Fearsome conqueror in 1300s.
§ Terrorized all of western Asia from his capital in Samarkand.
§ Conquered Delhi & massacred Muslims & Hindus, even though he was Muslim.
§ Unlike Genghis Khan, he failed to build an empire that outlasted his own life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Turkish-Mongol conqueror from central Asia.
§ Conquered India w/ cannon & firepower. Babur captured Delhi & Agra. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| New empire established by Babur. Muslims & very rich. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greatest & most talented of India’s Mughal monarchs. Babur’s grandson. (1556-1605)
§ Added new lands to Mughal empire Ù empire covered all northern & central India.
§ To unify his empire of Hindus & Muslims, he decided he needed Hindu support.
o After defeating Rajputs, he invited them to help him rule.
o Entrusted Hindus w/ high gov’t offices. Removed special taxes Hindus had to pay.
§ Incredibly religiously tolerant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Akbar’s son. (1605-1627). Played little part in governing, wife ruled empire. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Builder of Taj Mahal. Cruel towards enemies & religiously intolerant. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Symbol of India. 4 outer towers (minarets) where leaders call Muslims to prayer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ruthless son of Shah Jahan.
§ Turned away from Akbar’s policy of treating Hindus & Muslims as equals.
§ Tried to make his empire an Islamic state.
§ 1669-Ordered the destruction of Hindu temples.
§ Returned to policy of taxing non-Muslims. No longer did Hindus serve in gov’t. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At Delhi. 1 of 3 awe-inspiring Mughal capitals. Built on & within walls of red sandstone. Showed the extreme wealth of the Mughal empire during Shah Jahan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Became the guru (religious teacher) of a new religion.
§ Teachings combined strict monotheism of Islam w/ Hindu ideas of mystical union w/ God. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “disciples.” Followers of Nanak. Became community of soldiers b/c of persecution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Built the longest-lasting empire of the region. Came from modern-day Cambodia.
§ Established small kingdom in late 500s & gradually expanded.
§ Greatest Khmer king = Jayavarman II
§ Women had high status as in most parts of Southeast Asia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most famous & splendid of Khmer buildings. Temple to Hindu god Vishnu.
§ Built in early 1100s. Rectangular and is more than ½ a mile long. |
|
|
