Term
| The _______________ includes all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord, that is, the sensory receptors, peripheral nerves and their associated ganglia, and efferent motor endings. |
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Definition
| Peripheral Nervous system (PNS) |
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Term
| _______________ are structures that are specialized to respond to changes in their environment; such environmental changes are called stimuli. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three ways to classify snesory receptors: |
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Definition
1. By the type of stimulus they detect.
2. By their body location
3. By the relative complexity of their structure. |
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Term
| ________ generate nerve impulses when they, or adjacent tissues, are deformed by mechanical forces such as touch, pressure (including blood pressure), vibration, stretch, and itch. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________ are sensitive to temperature changes. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ such as those of the retina of the eye, respond to light energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ respond to chemicals in solution (molecules smelled or tasted, or changes in blood chemistry). |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________ respond to potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain. |
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Definition
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Term
| A receptor, esp. of the viscera, responding to stimuli originating from within the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| A sense organ, such as the ear, that receives and responds to stimuli originating from outside the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| a receptor located in subcutaneous tissues, as muscles, tendons, and joints, that responds to stimuli produced within the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which system (sympathetic or parasympathetic) allows a person to breathe better? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic (It causes the respiratory tubes to dilate thus allow for better air exchange). |
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Term
| Generally, if some part of our body is activated, it is probably due to impulses coming fom the (sympathetic or parasympathetic) nerves. |
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Definition
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Term
| the dilation of the pupils comes from nerves associated with the (1) _______ and the constriction of the pupils comes from nerves associated with (2) _______. |
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Definition
1. upperthoraci region of the spinal cord.
2. Brain |
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Term
| The (1) _____________ nerves transmit impulses to the brain and/or spinal cord and (2) __________ nerves transmit impulses away from the brain and/or spinal cord. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____________ nerves of the efferent division control the visceral organs of the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| A patient is having difficulty in moving his tongue. A pinched cranial nerve could cause this problem. Which nerve would this be? |
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Definition
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Term
| either one of the twelfth pair of cranial nerves, consisting of motor fibers that innervate the muscles of the tongue. |
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Definition
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Term
| Either of a pair of nerves that arise from the medulla, pass through the hypoglossal canal, and supply muscles of the tongue and the styloglossus, hyoglossus, and genioglossus muscles. Also called twelfth cranial nerve. |
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Definition
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Term
| A damaged abducens nerve could cause problems doing what activity? |
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Definition
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Term
| One cranial nerve is involved in taste sensations from the tongue and another cranial nerve is involved in pain sensations from the tongue. Identify those two cranial nerves. |
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Definition
| The facial nerve is involved with taste sensations and the glossopharyngeal nerve is involved with pain sensations from the tongue. |
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Term
| How may cranial nerves have something to do with some aspect of the eye? |
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Definition
| five: optic, oculomotor, trochlear, abducens, and facial. |
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Term
| Cranial nerve III is located (anterior or posterior) to the optic nerve? |
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Definition
| Posterior. The cranial nerves are numbered in sequence from anterior to posterior. |
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Term
| How many cranial nerves are sensory, motor, and mixed? |
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Definition
sensory = 3
motor = 5
mixed = 4 |
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Term
| How many cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a patient is having difficulty controlling one side of their face, they are probably having a problem with which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many cranial nerves are combined afferent and efferent nerves? |
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Definition
| 3: olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear (specifically, the vestibular portion). |
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Term
| How many cranial nerves are combined afferent and efferent nerves? |
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Definition
| 4: trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus |
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Term
| Which cranial nerve is probably involved when a person feels pain from a sinus headache? |
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Definition
| trigeminal nerve, specifically the ophthalmic portion |
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Term
| If we begin to lose our balance, which canial nerve sends information to the brain so we can make the corrections? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the most anterior cranial nerve? |
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Definition
| olfactory. Cranial nerves are numbered in sequence from anterior to posterior. |
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Term
| Nerves associated with T3, and T4 would be considered (sympathetic or parasympathetic). |
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Definition
| sympathetic. The parasympathetic nerves emerge from the brain or sacral region. |
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Term
| When food is pushed tothe back of the throat, the swallowing process begins. This is largely due to the activation of which cranial nerve? |
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Definition
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