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Definition
| After the fall of Troy, he was the Trojan prince that was ordered to lead his people to the promised land in the West. When his group reached Italy they joined forces with the Latins. |
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Term
| How did Rome get its name? |
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Definition
| In 800 BC a latin princess gave birth to twin sons, Romulus and Remus, by the god Mars. She promised to never have children so she was punished by having the sons left on the bank of the Tiber River to die. They were found and cared for by a she-wolf. A shepherd found them, killed the she-wolf and raised the boys. The boys built a city on the Tiber River but couldn't agree who would rule it so they let the gods choose. They stood at the top of seprate mountains ... 12 vultures flew over Palatine where Romulus was so he claimed to be king. They fought at Romulus won. He became King of the city and named it Rome. |
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Term
| What happened around the Mediterranean around 1000 BC? |
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Definition
| Groups of people with iron weapons began invading the lands around the Mediterranean. One group invaded Egypt and brought down the Kingdom. Another group moved into the Balkan Peninsula and the third group, the Latins, settled on the Palatine. The Romans were in the third group. |
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Term
| How did the latins live around 776 BC? |
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Definition
| The Palatine area had a good climate with fertile soil. they also had dense forests that supplied timber. they also built gravel roads to bring salt and other items from the coast. They lived in wooden huts and worked the land. The mostly ate wheat and barley. |
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Definition
| A settlement on the hill in Italy that became known as Rome. |
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| Who were Romulus and Remus? |
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Definition
| Brothers that were left to die. they fought each other to be king of the new city on the Tiber River. The city is now known as Rome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Maps that show areas ruled by particular governments. Stars show capitals and dots show cities. Boundaries (dots or dashes) mark where countries or states begin or end. |
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Term
| In early Italy who controlled what parts |
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Definition
| The Greeks controlled the southernmost part and most of the island of Sicily. The Etruscans controlled the north. The Latins only controlled the area around Rome. |
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Term
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Definition
| They were Italy's first civilized people. People of the Sea... pirates to be feared. The Etruscans lived in the rolling hill country of Italy. They wrote an alphabet borrowed by the Greeks and spoke a language different from any other. They dug tunnels and built dams to drain the marshy fields. They built cities surrounded by a thick wall. |
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| Name four occupations of the Etruscans. |
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Definition
| Pirates. Farmers. Miners. Soldiers. |
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| What did Etruscan farmers do? |
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Definition
| Farmers used iron tools to grow barley, millet, grapes, and other fruits. They raised pigs, ducks, sheep, chickens and cattle. |
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Term
| Why were Etruscan miners important? |
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Definition
| Miners dug copper. lead, iron and tin. They turned them into weapons, utensils and jewelry. They exchanged them for gold, silver and ivory from Syria, Greece and other Mediterranean countries. |
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Term
| What was the Etruscan army like? |
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Definition
| They had a strong army. They learned about weapons and battle techniques from the Greeks. They formed a phalanx. They had shoes - no one else did. They wore heavy leather shoes that laced around the ankle. It gave them better footing. |
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Term
| What did the Etrusacnas rule? |
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Definition
| By 600 BC the Etruscans dominated all of northern Italy. |
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Term
| What was everyday life like for the Etruscans? |
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Definition
| They liked bright colors, riches and having a good time. They gambled withdice or played games similar to chess and backgammon. They ran, wrestled, boxed and watched horseracing. they loved music and dancing ... dancing was done to gain favor with the gods. men and women danced. |
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Term
| What rights did Etruscan women have? |
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Definition
| Etruscan women had many freedoms. They danced to gain favor with the gods. they owned property and took part in public celebrations. |
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Term
| How was Etruscan socity divided? |
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Definition
| At first there were no class differences. Acrobats and enslaved people were thought to be inferior. Then they were divded into three classes: Upper - welathy landowners, priests and nobles. Middle - farmers, traders and city workers. Lower - enslaved people. |
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Term
| What was life like for rich Etruscans? |
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Definition
| They owned most of the land. They owned slaves who tended the land. Their homes were rectangular, one-story homes made of sun dried brick with a pitched roof covered with clay tiles. Stone lined drains led from the house into main drains that ran along the streets. Houses had walled courtyards. |
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Term
| How did Etruscans worship gods? |
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Definition
| They had many gods, most of them modeled after the Greeks. At first, they worshipped them outdoors on platforms of stone and earth. Later they built temples of wood, mud-brick and clay on stone foundations. They had peaked, tiled roofs adorned with sculptures. |
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Term
| What was the Etrsucan view of the Universe? |
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Definition
| They believed the universe was divided into provinces ruled by different gods. Humans lived in the center of the universe, facing south towards the gods of nature and earth. To the right lay the West, which was ruled by the gods of death and of the underworld. To the left lay the East which was ruled by the gods of the heavens. Etruscans planned their cities and built their temples to face east. |
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Term
| What did the Etruscans believe about humans? |
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Definition
| They were powerless before the gods. More than anything else the Etruscans wanted to please their gods. They had to discover what the gods willed. They did this through a priestly group of aristocrats called soothsayers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A soothsayer is an aristocrat who predicts events. they read omens or signs of things to happen. One group of soothsyares read omens from livers of sacrificed animals. Another group explained the will of the gods by studying thedirection and sounds of thunder and lightning and the flight of birds. |
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Term
| What happened when Etruscans died? |
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Definition
| When they died a banquet was held. Two slaves fought one another until the death. The spirit of the dead slave went with the noble to the underworld. They were buried in catacombs. The walls were brightly painted with pictures of daily life. Tombs had chairs and beds. |
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Term
| What did Etruscans believe about life after death? |
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Definition
| Life after death lasted longer and was more important than life on earth. They carved the tombs out of natural rock. They filled the tombs with with works of art and treasures of gold, silver, ivory and bronze. The tombs were known as tombs of gold. |
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Term
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Definition
| A necropolis was a cemetary outside the city made up of acres of tombs. The necropolis outside the city of Caere was the largest Etruscan necropolis. |
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Term
| Who was the first Etruscan ruler of Rome? |
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Definition
| Lucius Tarquinius in 616 BC. He took the throne by force and cleverness. His dynasty ruled for 100 years. |
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Term
| How were the Etruscans more culturally advanced than the Romans? |
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Definition
| Architecture: They taught the Latins how to use the arch in building bridges. Laid the foundation for the first sewer system. They drained the swamp at the foot of Palatine and that became the Forum or public square. Contibution in area of language - made changes to the Greek alphabet. The Romans borrowed the funeral fights and became the models for the gladiatorial games. |
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Term
| Why was the Forum important? |
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Definition
| It became the public square and hosed the palace, government buildings and law courts. |
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Term
| What were gladiatorial games? |
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Definition
| Fights between armed men, men and animals, and women and dwarfs - for the amusement of the Romans. |
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Definition
| A parade given a Roman hero returning from battle. |
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Definition
| A bundle of rods bound around an ax. It was the symbol of a Roman ruler's power to beat or execute other people. |
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Definition
| This is where the Etruscans built the first temple which is one of the seven hills of Rome. It is the center of Rome's municipal government. |
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Term
| How did the romans found their cities? |
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Definition
| They founded their cities according to a ritual borrowed from the Etruscans. Soothsayers read omens where boundaries should be. A ditch was dug to mark boundaries. The plow used to dig the ditch had a bronze blade and was pulled by a white bull and cow yoked together. Workers dug a trench at the center of the city. After each city's founders had tossed a handful of earth into the trench, the priests took over. The place where two streets met (called the mundus) was marked with a stone. the stone covered a shaft leading to the underworld. Three times a year a priest moved the stone to let the souls of the dead return to earth. It was the meeting point of the living and the dead. |
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